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systems neuro > vision > Flashcards

vision Flashcards

1
Q

Uveal tract- 3 parts

A

Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

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2
Q

Choroid

A

lots of capillaries that supply
the photoreceptor cells; contains melanin (absorbs light)

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3
Q

Ciliary body

A

: encircles the lens. Muscular component refractive power of lens Vascular component

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4
Q

Sclera

A

tough, white fibrous tissue
surrounding most of the eye

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5
Q

Vitreous humor:

A

thick, gelatinous substance that fills the space
between the lens and the retina

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6
Q

Anterior chamber of the eye

A

between cornea and lens(contains aqueus humor)

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7
Q

Posterior chamber

A

between the lens and the iris(Aqueous humor is produced here and flows out through the pupil

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8
Q

Aqueous Humor gets replaced X times a day

A

12

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9
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure  reduce blood supply to the
eye damage to retinal neurons

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10
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacities in the lens

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11
Q

Accommodation

A

dynamic changes in the shape of the lens

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12
Q

Ametropia

A

having some sort of refractive error

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13
Q

Near-sighted (myopia)

A

unable to bring distant objects into focus

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14
Q

Far-sighted (hyperopic)

A

unable to bring close objects into focus

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15
Q

Fundus

A

surface of the retina

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16
Q

Optic disk (optic papilla)

A

blood supply enters and exits from here; also where
retinal axons exit

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17
Q

Macula lutea

A

circular; near center of the
retina, Supports high visual acuity

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18
Q

Photoreceptors

A

rods and cones,Outer segment contains membranous
disks that contain light-sensitive
pigments

19
Q

pigment epithelium

A

Eat (phagocytose) old membranous disks filled
with pigment (lifespan of disk= 12 days) Regenerate photopigment molecules after
exposure to light

20
Q

Rods

A

mediate vision in low light
conditions (scotopic vision

21
Q

Cones

A

mediate vision in normal or higher
lighting conditions (photopic vision);
responsible for color vision; high spatial
acuity

22
Q

mesopic vision

A

during mid-
light (dusk/dawn) conditions

23
Q

photopic vision

A

normal or higher
lighting conditions

24
Q

scotopic vision

A

low light
conditions

25
Q

How do we “return things to normal” after light hits a photoreceptor

A

arrestin;Converted to all-trans retinol

26
Q

Who sends axons from the retina to the brain?

A

ganglion cells

27
Q

optic nerve

A

retinal ganglion cells exit
through the optic disk and bundle
together

28
Q

optic chiasm

A

The optic nerves from each side of the
head meet; some cross over

29
Q

optic tract

A

after chiasm contains info from both eyes

30
Q

Targets of Optic Tract

A

Dorsolateral geniculate nucleus, Pretectum,Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Superior colliculus

31
Q

Dorsolateral geniculate nucleus(Lateral Geniculate Nucleus)

A

Send their axons through part of the
internal capsule (optic radiation) to
the primary visual cortex

32
Q

Pretectum

A

Coordination center for the pupillary light reflex
Receives bilateral input (info from both eyes)

33
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

A

Use to test the function of the eye, the motor outflow to the pupil, and the
paths in between
* Normal: both pupils will respond the same even if you shine the light in
one eye

34
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Receives equal input from right and left eyes via the
retinohypothalamic pathway
photoentrainment and circadian rhythms

35
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Coordinates head and eye movements
to visual targets

36
Q

Anopsias(Optic nerve damage)

A

no
vision from that eye

37
Q

Anopsias(Optic chiasm damage)

A

involves both eyes
(peripheral usually

38
Q

Anopsias(Optic tract damage)

A

both
eyes, but generally from the
same side of field

39
Q

Anopsias(Optic radiation damage)

A

more specified field of view
missing, but can depend on
where it is

40
Q

M ganglion cells

A

larger receptive fields,
larger cell bodies, and larger diameter axons
(faster) than P ganglion cells

41
Q

P ganglion cells

A

can transmit color
information and M ganglion cells cannot, but
both receive input from cones

42
Q

Koniocellular

A

important for
some aspects of color vision and project
to Layers 2/3 instead of 4

43
Q

Dorsal stream

A

Information from the primary visual cortex to the posterior parietal cortex. It’s responsible for localizing objects in space and guiding actions.

44
Q

ventral stream

A

Visual information from the primary visual cortex to the temporal lobe.carries information related to object form and recognition.

systems neuro (2 decks)

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