vision

Question 1

parts of the eye

Answer 1

cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, fovea, optic disc, optic nerve

Question 2

what is the order of the visual sensory pattern?

Answer 2

receptors > thalamic relay nuclei (posterior part of the thalamus) > primary sensory cortex > secondary sensory cortex > association cortex

Question 3

what is the wavelength of visible light?

Answer 3

400nm - 700nm

Question 4

what’s the difference between rods and cone receptors?

Answer 4

rods are low light, cones are bright light

Question 5

cornea

Answer 5

clear covering of the eye

Question 6

pupil

Answer 6

the hole in the iris that lets light in

Question 7

iris

Answer 7

opens and closes to allow more or less light in, changes the size of the pupil

Question 8

lens

Answer 8

focuses light, bends to focus on near/far objects

Question 9

retina

Answer 9

light sensitive part at the back of the eye that has neurons and photoreceptor cells

Question 10

fovea

Answer 10

region in the center of the retina specialized for high accuracy of sensing

Question 11

optic disc

Answer 11

AKA blind spot, there are no photoreceptors in this region

Question 12

optic nerve

Answer 12

nerve that leads from the eye to the primary visual cortex

Question 13

name the types of retinal neurons

Answer 13

bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells

Question 14

bipolar cells

Answer 14

takes input from photoreceptor cells

Question 15

horizontal cells

Answer 15

links bipolar cells and ganglion cells

Question 16

amacrine cells

Answer 16

links bipolar cells and ganglion cells

Question 17

retinal ganglion cell

Answer 17

create connections from the eye to the optic nerve

Question 18

describe visual transduction in the dark

Answer 18

opsin and retinal are put together to make photopigments, rod membrane becomes depolarized

Question 19

describe visual transduction in light

Answer 19

photons change the shape of retina, retinal and opsin are separated, rods hyperpolarize

Question 20

optic chiasm

Answer 20

collection of optic nerves from each eye

Question 21

where does visual information go from the eyes?

Answer 21

the thalamus, specifically the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Question 22

what is the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 22

Map of the retina. specific parts of the LGN map to parts of the retina. In the thalamus

Question 23

what is the primary visual cortex of the occipital cortex called

Answer 23

striate cortex

Question 24

what is the striate cortex and what lobe(s) do they lead to in the brain?

Answer 24

primary visual cortex that receives visual info from the eye. the two paths go to the parietal and temporal lobe

Question 25

what does the dorsal visual stream do

Answer 25

identifies the “how.” how action is to be guided towards objects

Question 26

what does the ventral visual stream do

Answer 26

identifies the “what.” what an object is

Question 27

explain trichromatic theory

Answer 27

color vision is based on 3 primary colors: red, green, blue. we have cones sensitive to each color. limitation of this theory is the existence of yellow due to afterimages. red-green > blue-yellow

Question 28

explain opponent process theory

Answer 28

explains the importance of opposing colors (red v green, blue v yellow).

Question 29

explain sensation vs perception

Answer 29

sensation is taking in the stimuli surrounding you. perception is the interpretation your brain makes of the outer stimuli.