hearing

Question 1

what is the sensory pattern of the audio cortex

Answer 1

receptors > thalamic relay nuclei > primary sensory cortex > secondary sensory cortex > association cortex

Question 2

what are the properties of waves

Answer 2

frequency, amplitude, complexity

Question 3

frequency

Answer 3

rate that the waves vibrate

Question 4

amplitude

Answer 4

loudness

Question 5

complexity

Answer 5

simplicity (single) or mixture of frequencies

Question 6

auricle

Answer 6

funnel type structure that captures sound waves from surrounding air

Question 7

external auditory canal

Answer 7

Sends sounds from auricle to eardrum, amplifies sound

Question 8

tympanic membrane

Answer 8

ear drum, vibrates when sound hits it

Question 9

malleus

Answer 9

hammer like structure

Question 10

incus

Answer 10

anvil

Question 11

stapes

Answer 11

Stirrups

Question 12

cochlea

Answer 12

fluid filled snail structure divided into 2 membranes

Question 13

cochlear nerve

Answer 13

nerve that leads from the ear canal to the thalamus

Question 14

basilar membrane

Answer 14

turns sound waves into vibrations. frequency of the wave determines how far the vibration goes down the membrane

Question 15

the ossicles are the ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 15

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 16

what are the receptors for the ear? where are they located

Answer 16

hair cells. in the organ of corti

Question 17

organ of corti

Answer 17

where audio transduction occurs. hair cells receive vibrations from the basilar membrane and turn it into neural info

Question 18

what parts make up the organ of corti

Answer 18

basilar membrane, hair cells, and tectorial membrane

Question 19

tectorial membrane

Answer 19

thick membrane on top of basilar membrane

Question 20

tonotopic

Answer 20

responds to different tones

Question 21

lateral superior olive

Answer 21

part of the brainstem that identifies amplitude differences

Question 22

medial superior olive

Answer 22

part of the brainstem that identifies arrival time differences in sound waves

Question 23

what part of the thalamus is involved in audio processing?

Answer 23

medial geniculate nucleus

Question 24

what is the order of processing in the ear and the thalamus?

Answer 24

ear canal > cochlear nucleus > superior olive nucleus > inferior colliculus > medial geniculate nucleus

Question 25

what two parts of the auditory pathway are tonotopic

Answer 25

basilar membrane and primary audio cortex

Question 26

what does transduction in the cochlea look like? hint: ossicles > cochlea > cochlear nerve

Answer 26

ossicles vibrate oval window that sits on cochlea. cochlea has basilar membrane that vibrates depending on specific frequencies. those frequencies activate hair cells in the organ of corti. hair cells create neruon info that goes to the cochlear nerve