Viscerosomatic & Chapmen's Reflexes Flashcards
Where is the processing area of the spinal cord?
Rexed Layers 1-10 of the dorsal horn
Where do afferents from the body synapse in the spinal cord?
Upper Rexed layers 1-6
What sensory input synapses in Rexed Layers 3 and 4?
Mechanoreceptors
What What sensory input synapses in Rexed Layers 1 and 5?
A(delta) fast pain fibers
What sensory input synapses in Rexed Layer 2?
Small C fibers of Slow Pain
What is Facilitated Segment Concept?
Coined by Korr and Denslow
Korr suggested these low threshold spinal reflexes represented pathways in a hyperexcited state by a continuous bombardment of inputs
What is Allostasis
Stimulus (insult) applied to tissues
Develop chemical soup of inflammation
Causes primary afferent sensitization
Results in hyperalgesia
- exaggerated response to a noxious stimulus
Secondary hyperalgesia develops
- Central Sensitization (CNS)
Dorsal Horn Neurons - Ca Channels - Phosphorylation cascades Lose inhibitory neuron function - All aid in maintaining facilitation
Ventral Horn
- Facilitation outflows to autonomics
- Affecting visceral function
- Facilitation outflows to soma
- Muscle spasm - ASYMMETRY, ALTERED RANGE OF MOTION
Brainstem
- Facilitation decreases endogenous descending pathways
- Arousal system
- Catecholamines/glucocorticoids
- Long term facilitation damages this system
- Leads to loss of control of protective mechanisms - ALLOSTASIS
Somatosomatic
localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
Withdrawal Response
- Touch hot stove
Myotatic Response
- Stretch receptor is stimulated; sretched muscle recieves stimulus to contract; antagonist muscle recieves inhibitory signal
Somatovisceral
Localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
Somatocardiac reflex
- Nociceptive somatic stimuli result in elevation of heart rate and blood pressure
Somatogastric reflex
- Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in inhibition of peristalsis in the stomach
Somatoadrenal reflex
- Nocicpetive somaticstimuli results in the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla
Viscerosomatic
Localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures
Somatic pain referral due to visceral nociceptive stimuli
- Pain in left arm during MI
Viscerovisceral
Localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures
Distention of gut
- Increased contraction of gut muscles
Involve afferent signals from receptors, followed by efferent signals in the parasympathetic/sympathetic motoneurons
Which chapmans points would you be able to feel when a patient has an infectious disease?
Tonsils - Between ribs 1 and 2 just lateral to manubrium
Spleen
- Between ribs 7 and 8 at the costochondral junction on the LEFT
- Lateral to T7 on the LEFT
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the head and neck (including upper esophagus)?
T1-T5
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Upper GI (including upper esophagus)?
T5-T10
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Small Intestines and Ascending Colon?
T9-T11
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Ascending and Transverse Colon?
T10-L2
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, and Rectum?
T12-L2
What Spinal levels are responsible for parasympathetics of the Upper GI?
Vagus (OA, AA)
What Spinal levels are responsible for parasympathetics of the Small Intestines and Ascending Colon?
Vagus (OA, AA)
What Spinal levels are responsible for parasympathetics of the Ascending Colon and Transverse Colon?
Vagus (OA, AA)
What Spinal levels are responsible for parasympathetics of the Descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
Sacrum (S2-S4)
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Upper Extremities?
T2-T7
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Lower Extremities?
T11-L2
What Spinal levels are responsible for sympathetics of the Heart?
T1-T6
