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Biological Classification > Viruses, Viroids, Prions And Lichens > Flashcards

Viruses, Viroids, Prions And Lichens Flashcards

1
Q

the word virus means

A

venom
poisonous fluid

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2
Q

who recognised certain microbes as causal organisms of the tobacco mosaic disease

A

Dmitri Ivanowsky

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3
Q

who demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healty plants
what did he name the pathogen
what did he call the fluid

A

M. W. Beigerinek
virus
Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid)

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4
Q

who showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins

A

W. M. Stanley

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5
Q

is genetic material of viruses dna or rna

A

could be either but no virus contains both

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6
Q

genetic material of viruses that infect plants

A

ssRNA

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7
Q

genetic material of viruses that infect animals

A

ssRNA / dsRNA / dsDNA

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8
Q

genetic material of bacteriophage

A

dsDNA

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9
Q

protein coat of viruses is called ___________ which is made of small subunits called ___________, and its function is to ________________

A

capsid
capsomeres
protect the nucleic acid

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10
Q

how are these capsomeres arranged

A

helical or polyhedral geometric forms

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11
Q

examples of diseases caused by viruses

A

mumps
small pox
herpes
influenza
AIDS

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12
Q

symptoms of a virus infection in plants

A

mosaic formation
leaf rolling and curling
yellowing and vein clearing
dwarfing and stunted growth

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13
Q

who discovered viroids

A

T. O. Diener

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14
Q

example of a disease caused by viroids

A

potato spindle tuber disease

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15
Q

what is a viroid structurally

A

just genetic material without the capsid
potato spindle tuber disease’s viroid was free RNA

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16
Q

what is a prion structurally

A

an abnormally folded protein

17
Q

most notable diseases caused by prions

A

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease
Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans

both of them are analogous variants of each other

18
Q

what is a lichen

A

a symbiotic association between algae and fungi

19
Q

algal component of lichen is called

A

phycobiont

20
Q

fungal component of lichen is called

A

mycobiont

21
Q

in lichens, what does algae do for fungi and what does fungi do for algae

A

algae prepare food for fungi
fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrient and water for algae

22
Q

why are lichens very good pollution indicators

A

they do not grow in polluted areas

Biological Classification (6 decks)

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