Kingdom Fungi Flashcards
mode of nutrition of fungi
heterotrophic
white spots seen on mustard leaves are due to
parasitic fungus
which unicellular fungus is used to make bread and beer
yeast
wheat rust is caused by
puccinia
example of a fungus used to make an antibiotic
penicillium
where do fungus prefer to grow? in what kinds of places?
warm and humid
are fungi filamentous
yes
except for yeast, it is unicellular
bodies of fungi consist of long, slender thread like structures called
hyphae
network of hyphae is known as
mycelium
what are coenocytic hyphae
continuous hyphae filled with multinucleated cytoplasm
aseptate
cell wall of fungi is composed of
chitin and polysaccharides
except for coenocytic hyphae, others have ______ or ________ in their hyphae
septae
cross walls
fungi which depend on living plants and animals are called
parasites
fungi can also live as symbionts - in association with
algae as _______
roots of higher plants are _______
lichens
mycorrhiza
all types of reproduction in fungi
vegetative means (fragmentation, fission, budding)
asexual means (spores)
sexual means (oospores, ascospores, basidiospores)
asexual reproduction in fungi is by spores called
conidia
sporangiospores
zoospores
various spores in fungi during sexual reproduction are produced in distinct structures called
fruiting bodies
three steps of sexual reproduction in fungi
plasmogamy
karyogamy
zygotic meiosis
what happens in plasmogamy
fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes
what happens in karyogamy
fusion of the two nuclei
meiosis is performed in zygote to produce what type of spores
haploid
in which fungi is there a dikaryophase
ascomycetes
basidiomycetes
what happens in dikaryophase
n + n state
dikaryon state
(two different nuclei in same cell)
fungi form fruiting bodies in which, which type of division occurs to form which type of spores
meiosis
haploid
basis of division of fungi kingdom into classes
morphology of mycelium
mode of spore formation
fruiting bodies
classes under fungi
phycomycetes
ascomycetes
basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes
habitat of phycomycetes
aquatic
decaying wood in moist and damp places
plants as obligate parasites
what is an obligate parasite
which cannot survive without exploitation of host
how is the mycelium of phycomycetes
aseptate, coenocytic
how does asexual reproduction in phycomycetes take place
zoospores (motile)
aplanospores (non-motile)
the zoospores and aplanospores formed in phycomycetes are endogenously produced in which type of fruiting body
sporangium
how is a zygospore formed
fusion of two gametes
gametes that are morphologically similar are called
isogamous gametes
gametes that are not morphologically similar are called
anisogamous
oogamous
examples of phycomycetes
mucor
rhizopus
albugo
which fungi is a bread mould
rhizopus
parasitic fungi on mustard
albugo
which class of fungi is commonly known as sac-fungi
ascomycetes
example of a multicellular and a unicellular ascomycete
penicillium
yeast (saccharomyces)
when fungi grow on dung, they are known as
coprophilus
mode of nutrition of ascomycetes
saprophytic
decomposers
parasitic
coprophilus
how is the mycelium of ascomycetes
branched and septate
asexual spores of ascomycetes are ___________ produced exogenously on the special mycelium called _____________
conidia
conidiophores
conidia of ascomycetes on germination produce
mycelium
sexual spores of ascomycetes are called ________ which are produced endogenously in sac-like ________
ascospores
asci
asci of ascomycetes are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
examples of ascomycetes
aspergillus
claviceps
neurospora
morels and truffles
penicillium
yeast
which ascomycetes is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work
neurospora
which ascomycetes are edible and are considered as delicacies
morels
truffles
commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are
mushrooms
bracket fungi
puffballs
habitat of basidiomycetes
soil
logs and tree stumps
plants as parasites
examples of basidiomycetes which live on plants as parasites
rusts
smuts
how is the mycelium of basidiomycetes
branched and septate
what type of reproduction is common in basidiomycetes
vegetative reproduction by fragmentation
how are the asexual spores of basidiomycetes
generally not found
how is plasmogamy brought about in basidiomycetes when sex organs are absent
fusion of two vegetative / somatic cells of different strains / genotypes
in basidiomycetes, after plasmogamy, what is the state of resultant structure that ultimately gives rise to basidium
dikaryotic
after plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium to exogenously produce
four basidiospores
what are fruiting bodies of basidia called
basidiocarps
examples of basidiomycetes
agaricus (mushroom)
ustilago (smut)
puccinia (rust)
what are deuteromycetes commonly known as
imperfect fungi
why are deuteromycetes commonly known as imperfect fungi
only asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known
what was done when sexual (perfect) forms of deuteromycetes was discovered
often moved to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as
conidia
how is the mycelium of deuteromycetes
branched and septate
mode of nutrition of deuteromycetes
saprophytes
parasites
most of them are decomposers and help in mineral cycling
examples of deuteromycetes
alternaria
colletotrichum
trichoderma
