Viruses- topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are viruses? why are they not considered true cells?

A

-defined as particles not cells because they are very small
-they do not contain cytoplasm or any of the organelles associated with it

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2
Q

what is the general structure of a virus?

A

-they have a protein coat called a capsid that surrounds nucleic acid which can be either DNA or RNA

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3
Q

what are the two viruses?

A

-bacteriophages
-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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4
Q

do bacteriophages have DNA or RNA?

A

-DNA

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5
Q

how do bacteriophages replicate, what is the term used to describe this?

A

-they are parasitic and invade on bacteria
-inside the host cell the viral DNA codes for new proteins for new capsid coats
-the bacteria cell then ruptures and new viruses are released to continue the cycle

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6
Q

what are the host cells of bacteriophages?

A

-bacteria

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7
Q

why do bacteriophages have a base plate and tail fibers?

A

-it allows them to anchor onto bacteria and allows them to punch holes into the cell surface membrane, allowing viral DNA in

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8
Q

what are the contents/ structure of the HIV virus?

A

-RNA
-protein coat
-lipid bilayer containing glycoprotein

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9
Q

how does HIV virus replicate?

A

-deliver RNA into the host cell with the enzyme reverse transcriptase which speeds up (catalyzes) the synthesis of DNA from RNA
-the DNA then makes new viruses by synthesizing new protein coats and viral RNA

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10
Q

what type of virus is HIV and why is it known as this?

A

-retrovirus
-viral RNA is used as a template for DNA

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11
Q

what are the host cells for HIV? why is this particularly bad, what can it develop into?

A

-helper t cells which are important in the immune system when protecting against disease
-as more are infected the immune system gets weaker and AIDS can develop

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12
Q

what is one similarity between bacteriophages and HIV?

A

-both very small and contain their genetic material in a protein coat

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13
Q

what are 5 differences between bacteriophages and HIV?

A

-different shapes, bacteriophages have a base plate and tail fibers
-HIV protein coat is within a lipid bilayer
-HIV have glycoproteins
-HIV have RNA, bacteriophages have DNA
-HIV contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase

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