Molecules (ions)- topic 1

Question 1

what is the study of biochemistry ?

Answer 1

-the study of chemical compounds found in living systems and the reactions in which they take part in

Question 2

what are organisms composed of?

Answer 2

-organ systems e.g. respiratory and digestive

Question 3

what are organ systems composed of?

Answer 3

-organs e.g. lungs and heart

Question 4

what are organs composed of ?

Answer 4

-tissues e.g. skin and muscle tissues

Question 5

what are tissues composed of?

Answer 5

-cells e.g. skin and muscle cells

Question 6

what are cells composed of ?

Answer 6

-organelles e.g. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria

Question 7

what are organelles composed of?

Answer 7

-molecules e.g. water and glucose

Question 8

what are molecules composed of ?

Answer 8

-atoms e.g. oxygen and carbon

Question 9

what are atoms ? what are they made of?

Answer 9

-the smallest unit of a chemical element that can exist independently
-they are made of protons, neutrons and electrons and have no overall charge

Question 10

what are molecules ?

Answer 10

formed whenever two or more atoms combine with each other to gain a full outer shell

Question 11

how is water formed?

Answer 11

-when two hydrogen atoms combine with an oxygen molecule by sharing electrons
-this results in a stable molecule which is relatively unreactive

Question 12

how is a net negative charge on oxygen but a positive charge on hydrogen made?

Answer 12

-in both of the oxygen hydrogen bonds the oxygen nucleus draws electrons away from the hydrogen nucleus therefore there is a net negative charge on the oxygen and a positive charge on the hydrogen atom

Question 13

what is a polar molecule?

Answer 13

-a molecule that carries an unequal distribution of charge

Question 14

what are the four elements that make up 99% of all living things?

Answer 14

-hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen

Question 15

what are organic compounds?

Answer 15

-made up of complex compounds of carbon

Question 16

what are inorganic compounds?

Answer 16

-made up form a mixture of organic molecules and inorganic molecules

Question 17

what are the four main organic molecules?

Answer 17

-carbohydrates
-fats
-proteins and nucleic acids

Question 18

how does an atom become positive? what is the name given to it?

Answer 18

-if an atom looses an electron it becomes positively charged known as a cation

Question 19

how does an atom become negatively charged?

Answer 19

-if it gains an electron it becomes negatively charged known as an anion

Question 20

how is potassium used as a biological compound?

Answer 20

-used in cell membranes

Question 21

how is calcium used as a biological compound?

Answer 21

-in plant cell walls calcium pectate
-calcium phosphate in human bones

Question 22

what is the ion magnesium used for?

Answer 22

-chlorophyll in green plants

Question 23

what is the ion iron used for?

Answer 23

-hemoglobin

Question 24

what is the ion nitrate used for?

Answer 24

-nitrogen group in amino acids used to make specific proteins

Question 25

what does the ion phosphate used for?

Answer 25

-make biological compounds ATP, nucleic acids and phospholipids

Question 26

what is the ion hydrogen carbonate used for?

Answer 26

-used to buffer the blood to maintain correct pH