Viruses lecture 3

Question 1

B-cells: __________ Immunity T-cells: __________ immunity

Answer 1

1) Humeral 2) cell mediated

Question 2

Viruses must have a ____________________.

Answer 2

host cell to reproduce

Question 3

Basic structure of a virus, it consists of a basic protein shell called ____________ surrounding __________________

Answer 3

1) CAPSID
2) NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE

Question 4

VIRUS PARTICLE ( structure )

• COVERING
  
  • __________
  • __________ (not found in all viruses)
• Central core
  
  • _________________ (Dna or Rna)
  • _________________ (not found in all viruses)

Answer 4

1) CAPSID
2) Envelope
3) Nucleic acid molecule
4) Matrix proteins Enzymes

Question 5

______________– naked Virus

______________ – membrane from the host cell when released

Both have protein on outer surface for ducking host cell (called spikes)

Answer 5

1) Nucleocapsid
2) Enveloped viruses

Question 6

__________ = fully formed virus capable of establishing an infection in host cell.

Answer 6

Virion

Question 7

_______________ – Synthesize Dna or Rna

____________- copies of Rna

______________ – synthesizes DNA from RNA (EX. HIV virus)

Answer 7

1) Polymorases
2) Replicases
3) Reverse Transcriptase

Question 8

DNA virus

• Double- stranded DNA ( __________________)
• Single- stranded DNA ( ___________________ )

Answer 8

1) Smallpox, Genital herpes
2) Erythema infectiosum

Question 9

RNA virus

• Single- stranded (+) polarity ( ____________ )
• Single- stranded (-) polarity ( ___________ )
• Double- stranded RNA ( _____________ )
• Single- stranded RNA ( _________)
  
  • Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 9

1) Poliomyelitis
2) Influenza
3) Gastroenteritis
4) Aids

Question 10

Animal Virus life Cycle

• Absorption
  
  • It has to bind to the Host cells (specificity)
  • Virsus spikes must __________________
• Penetration and uncoating
  
  • ____________- whole virus engulfed in vacusle enzymes to dissolve the envelope and caspule.
  • ___________- envelope merges w/ cell membrane, spelling nucleocapsid into cell.
• __________- make new capsid proteins and new genetic material.
• __________- capsid surrounds genetic material and enzymes if applicable.
• Release

Answer 10

1) match host cell receptors
2) Endocytosis
3) Fusion
4) Synthesis
5) Assemply

Question 11

Negative stranded RNA serves as the template________________

Answer 11

for positive RNA

Question 12

We need more ________________ to make viruses,

Answer 12

positive stranded RNA

Question 13

Ex. We have a negative stranded RNA, but we can’t use it to make a virus so we use it as a template to make Positive stranded RNA that makes the protein and packages it with ( positive, negative or both RNA) which will result in our virus.

Answer 13

VERY IMPORTANT

Question 14

_______________ is a positive stranded RNA that goes backwards and becomes (-DNA)

Answer 14

Retroviruse

Question 15

Damage to host cells

• ______________ = Virus induced damage to cell
  
  • ________ = fusion of multiple host cells into (one) single large multinuclear cell
• ____________ IS A Latent virus
  
  • ________- viral DNA that is incorporated into the hosts DNA

Answer 15

1) Cytopathic effect
2) Synctia
3) Persistant infections
4) Provirus

Question 16

CANCER

• Virus enters host cell and permanently _______________ , which can lead to cancer
• Virus carriers genes that directly cause cancer
• Virus produces proteins that induce _____________

Answer 16

1) alters it’s genetic material
2) loss of growth regulation

Question 17

______________ is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium

Answer 17

Bacteriaphage