Specific immunity lecture 2 Flashcards
(if 1st and 2nd fail) à I know what this is, I know how to take care of it
NOT BORN WITH IT!
Is largely the result of B cells and T cells which are also known as (______________)
1) lymphocytes
________________: ability to react to countless foreign substances
Immunocompetence
antigens are molecules that __________________.
stimulate B and T cells
_______________ are generated in response to antigens.
Antibodies
Great thing about the 3rd line is its -Specificity and memory —> key to 3rd line of defense!! SPECIFICITY means ___________________________ and MEMORY means ______________________________(happens with vaccinations)
1) it can respond to a particular invader
2) it remembers that specific invader and will be quicker to fight it off
-Antibody will have a specific binding site for the __________ that only fits for that antibody.
antigen
B cells mature in the ________________
T Cells mature in the ___________
1) Bone Marrow
2) thymus
Plasma cell is an antibody producing cell That can become a ______________
B cell
_____________ are (things on surface of the cell) on mature B cells
Receptors
on any mature B cells you will find an antigen binding site; when it falls off and floats free = ___________
antibody
B cells also has an MHC (__________________) type 2
major histocompatibility complex
MHC type 1 —> _____________________________
Getting a tissue transplant = need to find someone with MHC type 1!
cells with nucleus (except red blood cells)
-MHC type 2 —> __________, ___________, dendrite cells for presenting antigens
1) B cells
2) macrophages
-MHC type 3 —> ____________
complement system
T cells mature in thymus, they can become
- ____________
- ____________
- ____________
- ____________
Memory T cells
hyper T cells
regulatory T cells
cytotoxic T cells.
T cells Will have:
- _______________ on mature T cells
- T cells have antigen binding site
- CD3 co-receptors which __________________
- -CD4 or CD8
- -CD4 = ________________________
- -CD8 = ________________________
- MHC 1 receptors because T Cells have nucleus!!
1) Receptors
2) will assist in the binding
3) on helper T cells (bind class 2 MHC)
4) on cytotoxic (kill cell) T cells (bind class 1 MHC)
RECEPTORS ARE _____________
PROTEINS
-More about Antigen Binding site receptors
- every antigen you come in contact with, you must have a ________________!!
- small number of genes coding for these; they’re rearranged Up to 10 trillion different combinations
1) different binding site
Receptors have different regions:
- ______________: bottom part of finished protein
- ______________: this is where binding occurs
1) constant region
2) variable region
B cells may secrete the receptors (antibodies) aka ________________ (receptors of these cells that bind to antibodies that T cells can NOT secrete
immunoglobulin
_______________: mechanism by which the exactly correct B or T cell is activated but any incoming antigen
Clonal selection
Each lymphocyte expresses a single specificity and can react to __________________
only one type of antigen
_____________: if there’s a receptor that matches “self”, it is DELETED so it can’t attack us)
_____________: after activated by selections, that B or T cell multiplies (copies or clones)
1) Clonal deletion
2) Clonal expansion
Presentation of antigens to lymphocytes
- Phagocytic cells ______________ the pathogen
- Phagocytic cell moves to nearest _____________
- Piece of pathogen (antigen) is held outside the phagocytic cell by _________ for T cells to assess (antigen presentation)
1) ingest and process
2) lymphoid organ
3) MHC 2
Presentation of antigens to lymphocytes
- More specifically, lymphocytes are recognizing small piece of antigen called ____________
- The free floating pieces of pathogen may also drain into lymph node for B cells to assess
- Usually T cell presentation is required to __________________
- Are a few antigens that don’t have to go through T cell presentation; can directly stimulate B cells called _____________________
1) epitope
2) activate B cells
3) T cell independent antigen
More about antigens
- larger, complex macromolecules are good antigens
- __________: molecules too small to elicit immune response; CAN bind to carrier molecule –> becomes “_____________” (because it increased in size)
- __________: cell surface markers that occur in some members of a species, but not ALL (blood (type A & B); some have it some don’t. MHC; we have them but they’re different)
- _____________: potent T cells stimulators
1) hapten
2) good immunogen
3) alloantigens
4) superantigens
(i.e. B or T cell receptor comes in contact with antigen)causes clonal expansion
- some clones will become _____________ for future invasions
- most clones will be _____________for current invasions
1) memory cells
2) effector cells
T cell response (cell-mediated immunity)
- 1st encounters danger with an antigen called ______________
- all T cells produce ___________
1 ) sensitizing event
2) cytokines
- 3 types of T cells:
1. Helper T cells: - ______________ (phagocytosis; gets rid of them)
- ____________ process (produce antibodies to clear up invasion)
- help activate ______________
1) activate macrophages
2) assist B cell
3) cytotoxic T cells
- 3 types of T cells:
2. Cytotoxic T cells
(will release cytokines which will stimulate the helper t cells): leading to the destruction of _________________
infected host cells and other foreign cells
- 3 types of T cells:
3. Regulatory T cells:
_____________________________________
control response for unnecessary damage
Enzymes called __________ which will poke holes in our damaged cells
perfrons
B cell response (humoral immunity):
- 1st encounter change with antigen called _________
- Plasma cells are produced
- they release __________________________
1) sensitizing event
2) antibodies which mark antigens for destruction of neutralization
________________: when bacteria is marked for phagocytosis; puts “handles” on object to get a better grip
Opsonization
