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Microbiology summer 2015 Midterm 3 > Specific immunity lecture 2 > Flashcards

Specific immunity lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

(if 1st and 2nd fail) à I know what this is, I know how to take care of it

NOT BORN WITH IT!

Is largely the result of B cells and T cells which are also known as (______________)

A

1) lymphocytes

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2
Q

________________: ability to react to countless foreign substances

A

Immunocompetence

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3
Q

antigens are molecules that __________________.

A

stimulate B and T cells

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4
Q

_______________ are generated in response to antigens.

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

Great thing about the 3rd line is its -Specificity and memory —> key to 3rd line of defense!! SPECIFICITY means ___________________________ and MEMORY means ______________________________(happens with vaccinations)

A

1) it can respond to a particular invader
2) it remembers that specific invader and will be quicker to fight it off

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6
Q

-Antibody will have a specific binding site for the __________ that only fits for that antibody.

A

antigen

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7
Q

B cells mature in the ________________

T Cells mature in the ___________

A

1) Bone Marrow
2) thymus

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8
Q

Plasma cell is an antibody producing cell That can become a ______________

A

B cell

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9
Q

_____________ are (things on surface of the cell) on mature B cells

A

Receptors

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10
Q

on any mature B cells you will find an antigen binding site; when it falls off and floats free = ___________

A

antibody

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11
Q

B cells also has an MHC (__________________) type 2

A

major histocompatibility complex

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12
Q

MHC type 1 —> _____________________________

Getting a tissue transplant = need to find someone with MHC type 1!

A

cells with nucleus (except red blood cells)

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13
Q

-MHC type 2 —> __________, ___________, dendrite cells for presenting antigens

A

1) B cells
2) macrophages

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14
Q

-MHC type 3 —> ____________

A

complement system

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15
Q

T cells mature in thymus, they can become

  • ____________
  • ____________
  • ____________
  • ____________
A

Memory T cells

hyper T cells

regulatory T cells

cytotoxic T cells.

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16
Q

T cells Will have:

  • _______________ on mature T cells
  • T cells have antigen binding site
  • CD3 co-receptors which __________________
  • -CD4 or CD8
  • -CD4 = ________________________
  • -CD8 = ________________________
  • MHC 1 receptors because T Cells have nucleus!!
A

1) Receptors
2) will assist in the binding
3) on helper T cells (bind class 2 MHC)
4) on cytotoxic (kill cell) T cells (bind class 1 MHC)

17
Q

RECEPTORS ARE _____________

A

PROTEINS

18
Q

-More about Antigen Binding site receptors

  • every antigen you come in contact with, you must have a ________________!!
  • small number of genes coding for these; they’re rearranged Up to 10 trillion different combinations
A

1) different binding site

19
Q

Receptors have different regions:

  • ______________: bottom part of finished protein
  • ______________: this is where binding occurs
A

1) constant region
2) variable region

20
Q

B cells may secrete the receptors (antibodies) aka ________________ (receptors of these cells that bind to antibodies that T cells can NOT secrete

A

immunoglobulin

21
Q

_______________: mechanism by which the exactly correct B or T cell is activated but any incoming antigen

A

Clonal selection

22
Q

Each lymphocyte expresses a single specificity and can react to __________________

A

only one type of antigen

23
Q

_____________: if there’s a receptor that matches “self”, it is DELETED so it can’t attack us)

_____________: after activated by selections, that B or T cell multiplies (copies or clones)

A

1) Clonal deletion
2) Clonal expansion

24
Q

Presentation of antigens to lymphocytes

  • Phagocytic cells ______________ the pathogen
  • Phagocytic cell moves to nearest _____________
  • Piece of pathogen (antigen) is held outside the phagocytic cell by _________ for T cells to assess (antigen presentation)
A

1) ingest and process
2) lymphoid organ
3) MHC 2

25
Q

Presentation of antigens to lymphocytes

  • More specifically, lymphocytes are recognizing small piece of antigen called ____________
  • The free floating pieces of pathogen may also drain into lymph node for B cells to assess
  • Usually T cell presentation is required to __________________
  • Are a few antigens that don’t have to go through T cell presentation; can directly stimulate B cells called _____________________
A

1) epitope
2) activate B cells
3) T cell independent antigen

26
Q

More about antigens

  • larger, complex macromolecules are good antigens
  • __________: molecules too small to elicit immune response; CAN bind to carrier molecule –> becomes “_____________” (because it increased in size)
  • __________: cell surface markers that occur in some members of a species, but not ALL (blood (type A & B); some have it some don’t. MHC; we have them but they’re different)
  • _____________: potent T cells stimulators
A

1) hapten
2) good immunogen
3) alloantigens
4) superantigens

27
Q

(i.e. B or T cell receptor comes in contact with antigen)causes clonal expansion

  • some clones will become _____________ for future invasions
  • most clones will be _____________for current invasions
A

1) memory cells
2) effector cells

28
Q
A
29
Q

T cell response (cell-mediated immunity)

  • 1st encounters danger with an antigen called ______________
  • all T cells produce ___________
A

1 ) sensitizing event

2) cytokines

30
Q
  • 3 types of T cells:
    1. Helper T cells:
  • ______________ (phagocytosis; gets rid of them)
  • ____________ process (produce antibodies to clear up invasion)
  • help activate ______________
A

1) activate macrophages
2) assist B cell
3) cytotoxic T cells

31
Q
  • 3 types of T cells:
    2. Cytotoxic T cells

(will release cytokines which will stimulate the helper t cells): leading to the destruction of _________________

A

infected host cells and other foreign cells

32
Q
  • 3 types of T cells:
    3. Regulatory T cells:

_____________________________________

A

control response for unnecessary damage

33
Q

Enzymes called __________ which will poke holes in our damaged cells

A

perfrons

34
Q

B cell response (humoral immunity):

  • 1st encounter change with antigen called _________
  • Plasma cells are produced
    • they release __________________________
A

1) sensitizing event
2) antibodies which mark antigens for destruction of neutralization

35
Q

________________: when bacteria is marked for phagocytosis; puts “handles” on object to get a better grip

A

Opsonization

Microbiology summer 2015 Midterm 3 (3 decks)

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