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Biology > Viruses & bacteria > Flashcards

Viruses & bacteria Flashcards

0
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat

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1
Q

Define

Viruses

A

Capsid surrounding either DNA or RNA

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2
Q

Define

Pathogen

A

Causes disease

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3
Q

Define

Lytic cycle

A

Virus attaches to cell, injects DNA or RNA and cell breaks; viruses attach to new cells

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4
Q

Define

Lysogenic cycle

A

Virus attaches to cell, injects DNA or RNA and goes through either lytic cycle or collects in body and waits

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5
Q

Define

Viral disease

A

Diseases caused by viruses

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6
Q

Define

Influenza

A

Infects cells in upper respiratory tract and spreads

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7
Q

Define

Cancer causing

A

Invades cells and causes uncontrolled reproduction

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8
Q

Define

Prions

A

Proteins with no DNA or RNA (causes mad cow)

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9
Q

Define

Viroid

A

Single strand of RNA with no capsid infects and destroys plants

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10
Q

What do viruses lack

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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11
Q

What infects the brains of cows and causes mad cow disease

A

Prions

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12
Q

What are viruses that infect and destroy plants

A

Viroids

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13
Q

What are emerging viruses

A

New viruses, reintroduced viruses, viruses that relocated

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14
Q

What life functions do viruses not show

A

Growth, metabolism, homeostasis

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15
Q

The word virus comes from the Latin word meaning

A

Poison

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16
Q

Proteins causing other proteins to fold and cause which diseases

A

Mad cow and creutzfeld Jacobs

17
Q

In which cycle can viruses remain in the body for extended periods of time

A

Lysogenic

18
Q

In which cycle is the host cell always destroyed

A

Lytic

19
Q

Why must viruses rely on host cells for reproduction

A

Viruses can’t make proteins or metabolize

20
Q

Define

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

21
Q

Define

Coccus

A

Round shaped bacteria

22
Q

Define

Spirillum

A

Spiral shaped bacteria

23
Q

Define

Conjunction

A

Share a nucleus and split- simplest form of reproduction

24
Q

Define

Autotrophic

A

Make energy from inorganic substances

25
Q

Define

Heterotrophic

A

Main decomposers- can’t make their own food

26
Q

Define

Chemoautotrophic

A

Make energy by removing electrons from inorganic substances

27
Q

Define

Anaerobic

A

Without oxygen

28
Q

Define

Aerobic

A

With oxygen

29
Q

Define

Antibiotic

A

Chemicals that fight off bacteria

30
Q

Why is gram staining helpful

A

Identify bacteria and determine which antibiotics to use

31
Q

How does conjugation help with the evolution of the species

A

Changes DNA

32
Q

Are all bacteria destroyed by antibiotics

A

No

33
Q

What organisms are thought to have created the earths’ oxygen

A

Cyanobacteria

34
Q

How fast can bacteria double in population

A

20 minutes

35
Q

What bacteria causes strep throat

A

Streptococcus

36
Q

What bacteria commonly causes food poisoning

A

Botulinum

37
Q

What bacterial disease destroys lung tissue

A

Tuberculosis

38
Q

How can heterotrophic bacteria be helpful

A

Because they recycle matter

39
Q

Without bacteria, what couldn’t humans do

A

Digest food
Grow plants
Make cheese

Biology (5 decks)

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