Viruses And Viral Diseases Flashcards
Define transformation in reference to viruses. Name some examples.
The cell transforms into a tumor cell, such as HPV, HBV and HCV.
Define lytic in reference to viruses. Name some examples.
The cell dies and releases the virus, such as HSV and rhinovirus.
Define persistent infection in reference to viruses. Name some examples.
There is a slow release of virus without cell death, such as chronic hepatitis and HIV.
Define latent infection in reference to viruses. Name some examples.
The virus is present but is not causing harm to the cell; it later emerges in a lytic infection, such as HSV, HIV and chicken pox.
What is a relative of Ebola?
Filovirus.
What is the diameter of the filovirus?
80nm.
What is the length of the filovirus?
Around 14,000nm.
Does Ebola have a ssRNA negative sense genome?
Yes.
Is Ebola segmented or non-segmented?
Non-segmented.
Is Ebola enveloped or non-enveloped.
Enveloped.
How many nucleotides does Ebola contain?
19,000.
How many proteins does Ebola contain?
7.
What does Ebola cause?
Ebola haemorrhagic fever.
What type of pathogen is Ebola.
Cat 4 pathogen.
State three ways of human to human transmission.
- Blood.
- Mucosal surfaces and skin abrasions.
- Direct internalisations (injections).
What are the three types of immune cells that Ebola targets? Infection of these cells causes what?
Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Infection activates these cells and the infection moves to the spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
Does Ebola infect lymphocytes?
No.
What is the organ specific cell that Ebola targets?
Hepatocytes.
Does Ebola target epithelial and endothelial cells?
Yes.
Does Ebola target the extracellular matrix and collagen?
Yes.
How long is the incubation period for Ebola?
2 to 21 days.
What are the first four symptoms of Ebola?
Fever, chills, malaise and myalgia.
What is the gastrointestinal systemic infection symptoms?
Anorexia, diarrhoea and vomiting.
What is the respiratory systemic infection symptoms?
Chest pain.
What is the vascular systemic infection symptoms?
Hypotension and oedema.
What is the neurological systemic infection symptoms?
Headache, confusion and coma.
Haemorrhagic conditions appear at peak of infection. What are the five results that occur?
- Petechiae.
- Collagen destroyed.
- Muscosal haemorrhaging.
- Epithelial layers sloughed off.
- Coagulopathy supervene.
During days 6 to 16 of the Ebola infection, what occurs?
Hypovolaemic shock and multiorgan failure.
What are the four reasons as to why there isn’t a vaccine for Ebola?
- Infection is rare.
- It’s costly.
- Health systems are weak due to civil wars.
- Vaccine needs to be successful in non-human primates.
What are the three current available treatments for Ebola?
- Maintain oxygen and blood pressure.
- Provide IV fluids and electrolytes.
- Treat opportunistic infections.
How many months did it take to characterise the Marburg virus?
Three months.
Where was the Chikungunya fever virus first isolated?
In Tanzania in 1953.
Is the Chikungunya fever virus ssNS RNA or ssPS RNA?
ssPS RNA.
What family does the Chikungunya fever virus belong to?
Alphaviruses or Togaviridae.
What are the three symptoms of Chikungunya fever virus?
- Sever fever.
- Myalgia of the legs.
- Crippling joint pain.
Why can’t mosquitoes transmit HIV?
HIV cannot survive within a mosquito.
Define hepatitis C virus (HCV).
It is 5% hepatocelluar carcinoma.
Define human papillomavirus (HPV).
Cervical cancer and genital warts.
