History Of Microbiology Flashcards
What did Antoine van Leeuwenhoek create and why?
He made a simple microscope in order to see bacteria.
What did Antoine van Leeuwenhoek report he could see and who to?
He reported the shapes of the “wee animalcules” in a letter to the Royal Society of London in 1684.
Who invented microscopes?
Galileo Galilei.
What was the work of Ferdinand Cohn?
He worked on bacteria in the 1870’s and classified them according to shape.
Who was the first individual to observe bacterial sporulation?
Ferdinand Cohn.
Who showed that vegetative cells, not endospores, are killed by heat?
Ferdinand Cohn.
What century did improved microscopes become available?
19th century.
What theory did Louis Pasteur disprove? What did this lead to?
Spontaneous generation; this lead to the development of effective sterilisation procedures and “pasteurisation”.
Who was the first individual to disprove the spontaneous generation theory? But what individuals experiment was conclusive?
Lazzaro Spallanzani was the first to disprove the theory.. Louis Pasteur’s experiment was conclusive.
State the four types of work of John Tyndall?
- He confirmed Pasteur’s and Cohn’s work.
- He showed that dust carried germs.
- He discovered heat resistant microbes (bacterial endospores).
- He was the first to apply “pasteurisation” to milk preservation.
Define contagious.
A disease that spread through populations.
Define contagion.
An agent that does the spreading of disease.
What was the work of Robert Koch in the late 19th century?
He identified the bacteria responsible for specific diseases and described a number of requirements that must be satisfied before an organism can definitely be regarded as the cause of the disease.
What was postulate 1 of Koch’s postulates?
The suspected pathogen should be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals.
What was postulate 2 of Koch’s postulates?
The suspected organism should be successfully grown in pure culture.
