Viruses and disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some common viruses?

A
  1. Adenovirus 2. Herpes Simplex virus 3. Rhinovirus 4. Influenza A
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2
Q

How do viruses enter a local site in the body?

A

Viruses interact with specific receptors found in the membranes of the target cell via a lock/key mechanism

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3
Q

What are the two methods used by viruses to enter a cell?

A
  1. Fusion of viral & cell membrane
  2. Endocytosis- binding to receptor
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4
Q

After entering a cell, the viral ion pump will cause the _ of the virus

A

Uncoating

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5
Q

Following uncoating, nucleic acids are used to produce viral proteins, host _ and _ are used for this.

A

Ribosomes, polymerases

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6
Q

The newly produced viral proteins then undergo _

A

Assembly- arrange themselves together

Visible to light microscopy as Inclusions

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7
Q

What are the two ways in which a virus then leaves a cell?

A
  1. Budding- newly formed virus travels to membrane where it is covered by the cell membrane and then pinched off into exrtacellular space.
  2. Lysis- Viruses aggregate together near the membrane causing lysis (breaks through the membrane)
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8
Q

Antiviral drugs can target things such as? (dont memorise)

A
  1. Viral polymerase
  2. Other drugs
  3. Attachment
  4. Release
  5. Uncoating
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9
Q

What are the different ways in which viruses can be damaging to the body?

A
  1. Cell death due to lysis/hijacking of cell
  2. Cell death due to immune system (CD8+ cells)
  3. Cell proliferation- can lead to cancer
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10
Q

Which immune cell is responsible for recognising proteins on the surfaces of viruses?

A

Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+)

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11
Q

Viruses can be neutralised by _

A

Antibodies- means that the viruses cant bind to cellular receptors anymore

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12
Q

What are the two ways of determining viral infection in the lab?

A
  1. Detect antibody response against virus
  2. Detect presence of virus itself
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13
Q

What antibody conc changes are seen in recent compared to past infections?

A

Detection of

  • Virus specific IgM
  • Rising titre of IgG
  • V high titre of IgG
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14
Q

Which test is used to detec viruses?

A

PCR

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