Viruses and disease Flashcards
What are some common viruses?
- Adenovirus 2. Herpes Simplex virus 3. Rhinovirus 4. Influenza A
How do viruses enter a local site in the body?
Viruses interact with specific receptors found in the membranes of the target cell via a lock/key mechanism
What are the two methods used by viruses to enter a cell?
- Fusion of viral & cell membrane
- Endocytosis- binding to receptor
After entering a cell, the viral ion pump will cause the _ of the virus
Uncoating
Following uncoating, nucleic acids are used to produce viral proteins, host _ and _ are used for this.
Ribosomes, polymerases
The newly produced viral proteins then undergo _
Assembly- arrange themselves together
Visible to light microscopy as Inclusions
What are the two ways in which a virus then leaves a cell?
- Budding- newly formed virus travels to membrane where it is covered by the cell membrane and then pinched off into exrtacellular space.
- Lysis- Viruses aggregate together near the membrane causing lysis (breaks through the membrane)
Antiviral drugs can target things such as? (dont memorise)
- Viral polymerase
- Other drugs
- Attachment
- Release
- Uncoating
What are the different ways in which viruses can be damaging to the body?
- Cell death due to lysis/hijacking of cell
- Cell death due to immune system (CD8+ cells)
- Cell proliferation- can lead to cancer
Which immune cell is responsible for recognising proteins on the surfaces of viruses?
Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+)
Viruses can be neutralised by _
Antibodies- means that the viruses cant bind to cellular receptors anymore
What are the two ways of determining viral infection in the lab?
- Detect antibody response against virus
- Detect presence of virus itself
What antibody conc changes are seen in recent compared to past infections?
Detection of
- Virus specific IgM
- Rising titre of IgG
- V high titre of IgG
Which test is used to detec viruses?
PCR