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Principles: Microbiology > Antibiotic therapy > Flashcards

Antibiotic therapy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of antibiotics?

A
  1. Bacteriostatic- inhibit bacterial growth 2. Bacteriocidal- kill bacteria. Antibiotics can be narrow or broad spectrum. The ideal antibiotic- has selective toxicity/ minimal toxicity to the host
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2
Q

Antibiotics are most commonly administered _ or _ but sometimes also _

A

Orally, IV, IM

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3
Q

What parts of a cell does an antibiotic target?

A
  1. Cell wall 2. Ribosome 3. DNA replication 4. Metabolic pathways.
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4
Q

Cell wall synthesis is targeted by antibiotics like _ and _

A

Penicillins and glycopeptide antibiotics

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5
Q

What are examples of antibiotics that work on bacterial cell wall?

A
  1. Penicillin- (B lactam) 2. Cephalosporins (B lactam) 3. Glycopeptides (not b lactam)
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6
Q

Which penicillin is used for Gram + organisms?

A

Flucloxacillin

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7
Q

Which penicillins are used for Gram - & + organisms?

A

Amoxicillin, Co-amoxiclav, Tazocin

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8
Q

Penicillin used for Gram - organism?

A

Temocillin

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9
Q

Advantages of penicillin?

A
  • Can be narrow & broad spectrum
  • Safe, few side effects
  • Rapidly excreted via kidneys
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10
Q

Drawbacks of penicillin?

A
  • Some people can be allergic to it
  • Needs frequent dosing due to rapid excretion
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11
Q

What are the 3 forms of penicillin? (dont memorise)

A
    1. Benzylpenicillin- IV
    1. PhenoxymethylP- Oral
    1. BenzathineP- IM, long acting
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12
Q

Flucloxacillin is a wide range penicillin. T/F?

A

False- narrow

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13
Q

Flucloxacillin typically help in _ and _ pathogen infections

A

Staphylocci and Streptococci

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14
Q

Amoxicillin has a wide range spectrum. T/F?

A

True- well tolerated, well abosrbed can be IV or Oral

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15
Q

Co-amoxiclav is amoxicillin + _ acid

A

Clavulanic

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16
Q

Co- amoxiclav is a wide spectrum antibiotic. T/F?

A

True

17
Q

Tazocin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic. T/F?

A

False

18
Q

Temocillin works best on pathogens like (hint Gram -)

A
  • E coli
  • Salmonella
  • Enterobacter
19
Q

Cephalosporins are very broad spectrum antibiotics but are hardly used due to dangeours side effects. T/F?

A

True

20
Q

The use of Cephalosporins may promote the growth of which dangerous pathogen?

A

C.difficile

21
Q

Mention a couple of adv & disad of B-lactam antibiotics.

A
  1. Advantage- safe, wide to narrow spectrum
  2. Disad- can cause hypersensitivity, rapidly excreted.
22
Q

Two examples of Glycopeptides?

A
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Teicoplanin
23
Q

Glycopeptides are bactericidal antibiotics. T/F?

A

True

24
Q

Vancomycin is effective against Gram + bacteria. T/F?

A

True

25
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis do so by attaching to bacterial _

A

Ribosomes

26
Q

Antibiotics targetting protein synthesis are bactericidal. T/F?

A

False- Bacteriostatic, i.e. inhibit growth while being used.

27
Q

What are some common antibiotics that target pathogen protein synthesis?

A
  1. Macrolides- Erythromycin
  2. Tetracyclin- Deoxycycline
  3. Aminoglycosides- Gentamicin
28
Q

Mention a side effect for each of the following

  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Macrolides
A

a) Kidney damage
b) Destroys normal intestinal flora- infection
c) None

29
Q

Give an example of an antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid syntehsis

A

Metronidazole-commonly used against Ananerobes and some parasites

30
Q

Cirprofloxacin is an example of a _

A

Quinolone

31
Q

What are the commonest side effects of most antibiotics?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

Broad spectrum- greater risk of getting C difficile infection

32
Q

What are the 3 common antibiotics that act on the bacterial cell wall?

A
  1. Penicillins (B lactam)- resembles D-alanine peptide and irreversibly binds, suicide Substrate
  2. Glycopeptides- binds to ends of peptide side chains and prevents its incorporaton into cell wall.
  3. Cephalosporins- inhibit cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal

Principles: Microbiology (6 decks)

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