Viruses and bacteria Flashcards
Edward Jenner
Created the smallpox vaccine by observing cowpox
Ignaz Semmelweiss
noticed people were dying of childbed fever, so he used scientific method to make people wash their hands
Louis Pasteur
Developed germ theory, created the idea of pathogens making you sick
Joseph Lister
Cleaned his surgical instruments; 50% death rated went to 0%
Robert Koch
Made a way to link specific diseases to viruses; made agar to grow bacteria
What is a pathogen? List five types of pathogens (note: types, not examples).
Pathogens are a broad category of disease causing agents: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites
What is a vector? List three diseases that are transmitted by a vector.
A vector is another animal that transmits a disease to you; mosquito; lymes disease, malaria, Dengue fever
Use examples to describe the two methods by which pathogens are spread.
Direct contact and indirect contact
What conditions must be met before a specific pathogen is identified as the cause of a disease? (koch’s postulates)
- Must be found in abundance in sick organisms; not heathy ones
- the organism must be isolated from the organism and grown
- the organism should cause the same disease when given to a healthy organism
- the organism must be re-isolated and named
How did the work of Lister and Koch support Pasteur’s germ theory of disease?
Lister and Koch created ways to prevent spread of disease and created a way to grow and identify bacteria. this helped support germ theory because it allowed scientists to observe the effects of bacteria in a controlled environment
Prokaryote
Single celled, cell wall, membrane, no nucleus surrounding DNA, no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
have a nucleus to protect DNA and have many organelles; human cells
bacteria
widespread alive organisms that work for good and bad in your body
archea
less widespread, have cell walls
How do obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, and facultative anaerobes differ from one another?
obligate anaerobes cannot live with oxygen, obligate aerobes need oxygen, facultative aerobes can survive with or without.
Describe / identify and name the three most common shapes of bacteria.
Spirilla=spiral, bacil=rod, cocci=circle
Prokaryotes multiply by binary fission. Describe this process.
the process for bacteria to divide in half , chromosomes copy themselves, cell doubles in size then splits into two.
What are the two ways in which bacteria can cause disease?
Indirect and Direct conact
How can antibiotics stop bacterial infections?
Antibiotics kill bacteria by attacking their cell walls
Why don’t antibiotics affect the cells of the patient/host?
Antibiotics only attack cells with cell walls so they don’t hurt animal/human cells
What is antibiotic resistance? Why is it a problem?
By underusing antibiotics, it causes natural selection to occur leading to evolution in their existence to antibiotics
Explain why antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
antibiotics don’t work on viruses cause viruses aren’t alive and don’t have a cell wall
Name five infections (examples) caused by bacteria.
tuberculosis, strep, staph, salmonella, chlamydia
Compare and contrast viruses and bacteria.
viruses aren’t alive and are much smaller while bacteria are alive and can reproduce without a host
