Viruses Flashcards
Orthomixovirus general and viruses
-, enveloped virus, segmented
-hemoglutinin and neuromainidase
-Influenza
horse, cow, dog, cat(with dog strain), and chicken
-Outbreaks in fall and winter
-short incubation
Orthomixoviruses clinical signs
Equine Infleunza:
-mild upper respiratory disease; cough
Canine Influenza:
- mild disease; some can have hemorrhagic disease
- high fever and pneumonia
Chickens:
- highly virulent strain -> sudden death, respiratory distress, lacrimation, sinusitis, diarrhea
- lower virulent strain -> respiratory disease, mixed infections possible
- petechial hemorrhages in respiratory system seen.
- also: pancreatitis, myocarditis, myositis, and encephalitis
Porcine Influenza:
- fever, coughing lethargy, anorexic
- can lead to pneumonia and hemorrhagic lymph nodes
Orthomixovirsues dx, control
- virus isolation in upper respiratory tract, HA inhibition assay, PCR sequencing available
- vacination available; quarantine new animals
Bunyavirues general and viruses
- , enveloped viruses, arthropod transmitted, (ex. hantaviruses; only vertebrate-vertebrate)
- transient infection (Shanta life long infection)
- segemented
- Rift Valley Fever -> sheep
- Cache Valley Fever (Akabane Disease) -> cattle –California (La Cross) Virus -> cattle
- Hanta virus -> humans
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Virus -> humans
Bunyaviruses clinical signs
Rift Valley
- sheep abortion (late term), upper respiratory: mucopurrelent nasal discharge, bloody diarrhea
- less severe in cattle
- highly severe in humans
Akabane disease
-Rigid fixation of limbs, loss of spinal nerve function, fetus dies during pregnancy
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Virus
-non-pathogenic to animals -> severe hemorrhage to animals; seen only in Central Asia and Europe
Hanta viruses & California (LaCross) virus
- innaparent in rodents; sever in humans
- pulmonary syndrome, hemorrhagic fever, and renal syndrome
Bunyaviruses dx, and control
Rift Valley Dx -isolation of virus in cell culture or mice, RT-PCR, IgM antibody, Control: -vector control in wet season
Akabane disease
Dx
-clinical signs, serology and virus isolation
Crimea-Congo:
RT-PCR, IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA
Hantaviruses:
-same as above
Arenaviruses spp. general
-, enveloped RNA viruses, segmented
Lasa Fever Virus -> humans
Lymphocitic Choriomengitis Virus -> rodents, humans
Arenaviruese spp.clinical signs
Lymphocytic chriomeningitis
-in utero -> tolerant of infection
-Older ->acute infection, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis
choriomeningoencephalitis
Lassa fever Virus
-mild disease in primates or severe shock with anorexia and vascular collapse
Arenaviruses spp. dx, control
LCMV -loss of growth hormone -antibodies, virus isolation, RT-PCR Control: -keep away from rodents
Lassa fever virus
-mild disease w/ possible shock and severe anorexia
-vasuculars collapse
Control:
-control host reservoir
-vaccine effective during the summer months; when vectores are rampart
Paramyxovirus spp. general and species
- , enveloped particle, syncitia formation, seen in respiratory and lymphocytes/neurons, contain H and N proteins
(ex. Morbilliviruses; canine distemper and pest de petitie; only H) and ( Henipavirus; Hendra and Nipah; none)
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 (PI3) -> bovine
Bovine Respiratory Synctytial Virus (BRSV) -> bovine
Newcastle Disease Virus (Avian Paramyxovirus 1)
-lentogenic, velogenic, and mesogenic
Canine Parainfluenza virus (Canine Tracheobronchitis)
Nipah and Hendra virus -> pigs, goats, dogs, cats, horses, guinea pigs, and fruit bats
Canine Distemper Virus
-dogs and wild carnivores
Peste de Petit Ruminants -> Goats and Sheep
Paramyxoviruses spp. clinical signs
Canine Distemper VIrus
-CNS, GI, and Respiratory
-CNS and GI can lead to death
CNS: demylenation, myoclonus, seizures, depression, paralysis, ataxia, muscle rigidity
Pest de Petitie Ruminant:
-acute or subacute disease
necrotic stomatitis, gastroententeritis, pneumonia, and death
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus (Respirovirus; no syncytial formation)
- destruction of ciliated epithelium
- cough, fever, inappetence, dyspnea
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- rhinitis, nasal discharge, cough
- fever, suborbital and submandibular edema possible
- possible subcutaneous emphysema
Newcastle disease
GI: yellow diarrhea, crop dilation, hemorrhages in junction
Respiratory: dyspnea, cyanosis of combs, wattles, head swelling
Nervous: ataxia, head tilt, circling
Conjunctivitis
Canine Parainfluenza
Nasal discharge, cough, pyrexia -> can get more severe and lead to pneumonia w/ co-infection of Bordetella bronchioseptica\
Nipah and Hendra
Encephalitis
Paramyxoviruses dx, and control
Distemper:
Control:
vaccine
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus: Tx: -2nd infection Control: -vaccine low efficacy, immunity short lived, good ventilation needed
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Control:
-vaccination w/ modified live or inactivation
Newcastle disease Dx: -clinical sign, PCR -velogen Control: -modified live vaccines
Canine Parainfluenza:
Dx:
Clinical signs, but can also due immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and virus isolation
Control:
vaccines available -> limit signs but not infection
Hendra and Nipah
-N/A
Artiriviridae spp. general and viruses
+, RNA, nested set of viral transcriptase, 5’ cap and 3’ cap, enveloped, N protein, M protein, and surface glycoprotein
- Equine arteritis virus -> horses
- Procine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus -> porcine
Artiriviridae spp. clinical signs
Equine Arteritis Virus
- infect macrophages and endothelium
- Periocular edema, abdomen, hind limb stiff gait -> can involve interstitial pneumonia and intestinal necrosis; preganant mares can abort
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus:
- Cyanosis of ears, snout, abortion of piglets during late gestation; effect on piglets depends on the age of the pigs; increased mortality in growing pigs, milder in older pigs
- tropism for mucosal and respiratory macrophages
Arteriviriade spp. dx, and control
Equine Arteritis Virus Dx: Isolation in cell culture, detect in tissue by immunohistochemistry Control: -recovered horses life long protection
PRRSV:
Dx
-serology, RT-PCR, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry
ALL:
-transmited by semen, attenuated vaccines useful
Coronavirus spp. general and species
+, enveloped RNA virus, created nested sets
Bovine Coronavirus (β)
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (chicken)
Transmissible gastroententiritis of swine (TGEV)
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Porcine Hemagglutinating ecephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)
Equine Coronavirus
Feline Cornavirus (Feline Enteric Coronavirus) (FECV)
Feline Cornavirus (Feline Infectious Peritonitis) (FIP)
Canine Coronavirus
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
Procine deltacoronavirus
