Viruses

Question 1

Herpes Simplex Virus

Answer 1

• belongs to Herpesvirdiae family

- DsDNA

Question 2

Most common blood borne illness globally

Answer 2

Hepatitis C

Question 3

Transmission of HCV is most commonly through

Answer 3

• Contaminated blood
• Improper medical procedures (contaminated equipment -iatrogenic)
• injecting drug use
• newborn baby during childbirth
• tattooing

Question 4

Less frequent transmission of HCV is by

Answer 4

Sexual contact

Question 5

After transmission of hepatitis C virus via contaminated blood, what is the site of infection?

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Typical symptoms of HCV

Answer 6

Fatigue
Abdominal pain 
Dark urine 
Jaundice 
Vomiting 
Fever 
Nausea

Question 7

During which phase the patient remain asymptotic and most likely to clear the virus?

Answer 7

Acute phase (acute hepatitis)

Question 8

Which the percentage of people with acute HCV which will clear their infection?

Answer 8

15%-45%

Question 9

What’s the percentage of patents who will develop chronic life threatening HCV with fluctuating viral load &ALT levels

Answer 9

55%-85%

Question 10

Manifestation of HCV is…..?

Answer 10

Immune mediated

Question 11

How can HCV causes damage to the liver during chronicity?

Answer 11

Indirect mechanism by infiltration of activated immune cell to the liver & release of inflammatory cytokines

Question 12

Explain superinfection in terms of HCV

Answer 12

When a patient who has HCV develops another type of hepatitis

Question 13

Explain reinfection of HCV

Answer 13

When a patient with HCV has been able to clear the virus but the patient becomes reinfected with another type of hepatitis

Question 14

Why no vaccine was produced for HCV?

Answer 14

• highly variable among strains
• high & fast mutation rate
• error rate of HCV replication is ten thousand per genome (approximately one mistake per genome)

Question 15

Long Term Sequelae of HCV Infection

Answer 15

• Liver cirrhosis
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• the leading indicator for liver transplants

Question 16

Retroviruses (Genome)

Answer 16

• Dimer of linear, positive sense, ssRNA
• Contains 2 copies of ssRNA (Monomer RNA)
• Each monomer RNA is 7-11 kb in size
• Monomer RNAs held together by hydrogen bonds
• Each monomer is associated with a specific transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

important enzymes for retroviruses

Answer 17

Protease (PR)
Integrase (IN)
Reverse Transcriptase (RT)