Bacteria

Question 1

What’s the concern of epidemiologists regarding bacterial infections

Answer 1

Transmission from exogenous sources or infected individuals

Question 2

Bacterial pathogensis (steps)

Answer 2

1. Transmission from exogenous sources or infected individuals
2. Entry into human body
3. Overcoming the host defense
4. Growth and spread within the body
5. Causes cell and tissue damage
6. Spread to other members of population

Question 3

Only zoonoses infection that can be transmitted from humans to humans

Answer 3

Pneumonia plaque

Question 4

When the normal flora can cause disease?

Answer 4

• they gain entry to body cavities
• there’s a change in the ecological niches
• in immunocompromised patients

Question 5

Types of microbal infection processes

Answer 5

• microbal attachement and penetration mechanism
• biting arthropod
• skin wound/animal bite
• antimicrobal defense is impaired

Question 6

Virulent factor process of Pili/fimbriae/adhesins

Answer 6

adhesion

Question 7

Virulent factor process of Invasins

Answer 7

invasion

Question 8

Virulent factor process of Secretion systems

Answer 8

host response

Question 9

Virulent factor process of Flagella

Answer 9

motility and chemotaxis

Question 10

Virulent factor process of Siderophores (iron-binding proteins)

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

Virulent factor process of capsule

Answer 11

anti-phagocytosis

Question 12

Virulent factor process of Lipopolysaccharide in gram - bacteria wall

Answer 12

host response

Question 13

Virulent factor process of Toxins

Answer 13

damage

Question 14

Colonization

Answer 14

• the process whereby pathogens establish themselves within the host
• pathogens must overcome physical barriers, innate immune response and outcompete normal flora
• usually involves adherence to host cell

Question 15

Structures that mediate adhesion

Answer 15

external structures called adhesines

• Pili or fimbriae (Adhesines)
• Non-fimbrial (afimbrial) adhesines, such as capsule or cell wall