Viruses

Question 1

what are the main viruses that cause diarrhoea?

Answer 1

rota and noro

Question 2

______ Commonest cause of D&V in children

Answer 2

rotavirus

Question 3

how is rota spread?

Answer 3

Person-person spread, direct or indirect

Question 4

____ is Commoner in winter months

Answer 4

rota

Question 5

rota may be Subclinical or mild in ____, can be ____ in immunocompromised children

Answer 5

Subclinical or mild in adults, can be severe in immunocompromised children

Question 6

_____ does not cause any blood in the stool

Answer 6

rota

Question 7

rota is ___ ___ and usually lasts around __ ___

Answer 7

self- limiting , 1 week

Question 8

why do you require hospital admission with rota

Answer 8

because of risk of dehydration with babies

Question 9

rota has a ___ infectious dose

Answer 9

low, 100-1000 particles

Question 10

rota causes ↓ _____ of fluids and ____ _____ in bowel, causing dehydration

Answer 10

↓ absorption of fluids and ↑secretion in bowel, causing dehydration

Question 11

with rota Children may develop ___-____ _____ , causing more diarrhoea

Answer 11

Children may develop post-infection malabsorption, causing more diarrhoea

Question 12

how is a diagnosis of rota made?

Answer 12

PCR of faeces

Question 13

what is the management of rota?

Answer 13

Rehydration is key, orally where possible

Question 14

___ has a vaccine

Answer 14

rota

Question 15

the rota virus is ____ ____

Answer 15

live attenuated

Question 16

when do babies get the vaccine for rota and when is it too late to give it and why?

Answer 16

2 doses, age 2 & 3 months

Not given to children >24 weeks as ↑risk of intussusception

Question 17

_____ is HIGHLY infectious

Answer 17

noro

Question 18

how does noro spread?

Answer 18

faecal-oral/droplet routes of spread

person to person (or on contaminated food/water)

environmental survival on fomites for days- weeks

Question 19

noro has a ___ infectious dose

Answer 19

low

Question 20

community circulation is the reservoir for ____

Answer 20

noro

Question 21

____ has a short incubation

Answer 21

norovirus

Question 22

what are the symptoms of noro?

Answer 22

Sudden onset explosive D&V, lasts 2-4 days

Question 23

how is noro diagnosed?

Answer 23

Faeces specimen or vomit swab for PCR test

Question 24

what is the treatment for noro?

Answer 24

Rehydration is key, esp. young, elderly

Question 25

which infections require patients to be in a separate room?

Answer 25

norovirus and c.diff