Viruses Flashcards
what are the main viruses that cause diarrhoea?
rota and noro
______ Commonest cause of D&V in children
rotavirus
how is rota spread?
Person-person spread, direct or indirect
____ is Commoner in winter months
rota
rota may be Subclinical or mild in ____, can be ____ in immunocompromised children
Subclinical or mild in adults, can be severe in immunocompromised children
_____ does not cause any blood in the stool
rota
rota is ___ ___ and usually lasts around __ ___
self- limiting , 1 week
why do you require hospital admission with rota
because of risk of dehydration with babies
rota has a ___ infectious dose
low, 100-1000 particles
rota causes ↓ _____ of fluids and ____ _____ in bowel, causing dehydration
↓ absorption of fluids and ↑secretion in bowel, causing dehydration
with rota Children may develop ___-____ _____ , causing more diarrhoea
Children may develop post-infection malabsorption, causing more diarrhoea
how is a diagnosis of rota made?
PCR of faeces
what is the management of rota?
Rehydration is key, orally where possible
___ has a vaccine
rota
the rota virus is ____ ____
live attenuated
when do babies get the vaccine for rota and when is it too late to give it and why?
2 doses, age 2 & 3 months
Not given to children >24 weeks as ↑risk of intussusception
_____ is HIGHLY infectious
noro
how does noro spread?
faecal-oral/droplet routes of spread
person to person (or on contaminated food/water)
environmental survival on fomites for days- weeks
noro has a ___ infectious dose
low
community circulation is the reservoir for ____
noro
____ has a short incubation
norovirus
what are the symptoms of noro?
Sudden onset explosive D&V, lasts 2-4 days
how is noro diagnosed?
Faeces specimen or vomit swab for PCR test
what is the treatment for noro?
Rehydration is key, esp. young, elderly
which infections require patients to be in a separate room?
norovirus and c.diff
