Travel related diarrhoea: nathwani Flashcards
what parasites cause this?
- amoeba
- giardia
- cryptosporidium
what is the main cause of travellers diarrhoea though?
enterotoxigenic E.coli
if patients have ___ they can have a specifically severe disease
IBD
what is the average duration of untreated traveller’s diarrhoea?
about 4 days
most of the time ____ are not used in treatment
antibiotics
patients are given Early _____ treatment of diarrhoea – single dose of _____ and short term ___-_____
Early symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea – single dose of ciprofloxacin and short term anti-diarroheals
_____ generally not commended
prophylaxis
______ is a protozoal infection spread by faeco-oral route or by an ill or asymptomatic carrier
amoebiasis
____ Common in areas of poor sanitation
amoebiasis
what is the diarrhoea like in amoebiasis?
acute bloody diarrhoea - may mimic acute colitis
In small number of patients with amoebiases the bug can go into blood - then ____ ___ and cause ___ ___
portal vein, liver abscess
how is amoebiasis diagnosed?
intestinal Diagnosis by examination of hot stool for ova and cysts - M and C
Serology may also be of use especially in extra-intestinal disease
what is the treatment for amoebiasis
Treatment: metronidazole. Remove from lumen by using diloxanide furoate or paromomycin
Protozoon Giardia lambia trophozoites colonizes the ___ ____ ___ to produce diarrhoea and ______; often explosive, protracted and foul smelling
Protozoon Giardia lambia trophozoites colonizes the small bowel mucosa to produce diarrhoea and malabsorption; often explosive, protracted and foul smelling
how does giardia spread?
Infection spread by cysts found in normal drinking water
how is giardia diagnosed?
Diagnosis is examination of stools for ova and cysts but more accurately by duodenal aspiration
what is the treatment for giardiasis
metronidazole
how is cryptosporidium (highly infectious ) spread?
Water, food, contact with animals
how is crytosporidium diagnosed?
Diagnosis: Duodenal aspirate/stool
what is the treatment for cryptosporidium?
Treatment:Supportive
Antimicrobials virtually ineffective
Recent evidence of benefit from nitizoxamide
