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Pharm > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Polyomavirus

A
  • dsDNA virus, non-enveloped
  • Affect immunocompromised hosts.
    1) BK virus: renal disease in AIDS pts.
    2) JC virus: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV pts.

-no treatment for either.

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2
Q

Papillomavirus

A
  • dsDNA virus, non-enveloped
    1) HPV (1, 2, 6, 11) - condyloma acuminata
    2) HPV (16, 18) - CIN, cervical cancer
  • vaccine available
  • incubation time: 3-6 months
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3
Q

Parvovirus

A
  • ssDNA virus, non-enveloped
    1) B19 virus: resides in respiratory tract.
  • can be congenital b/c cross placenta
  • infects immature RBCs & disrupts/lyses them. You will have anemia but clinically asymptomatic unless you have underlying issue like sickle cell.
  • Sx in children: flu like symptoms but w/facial rash followed by body rash.
  • Sx in adults: much more serious but rare b/c we usually get it as kids. Malaise, arthralgias, rash. These symptoms are caused by immune complex deposition aka TYPE 3 HSR.

*we do NOT have vaccine for this! So if pt is up to date on all vaccines you start considering B19 and CMV.

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4
Q

Adenovirus

A
  • dsDNA, non-enveloped
  • febrile pharyngitis (sore throat), pneumonia, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, conjuctivitis (pink eye).
  • no treatment, live non-attentuated vaccine.
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5
Q

Herpesviridae

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies

- establishes latency in DRG. Reactivates to shingles.

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6
Q

HSV-1, HSV-2

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies
    1) HSV-1: oral (and some genital) lesions, spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis.
  • go latent in trigeminal ganglia.
    2) HSV-2: genital (and some oral) lesions.
  • neonatal herpes: high mortality rate for infant.
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7
Q

Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles)

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies, Herpesviridae
  • respiratory transmission (and direct contact) leading to viremia.
  • vesicles in diff stages of development (as opposed to smallpox).
  • reactivates as shingles which only affects one dermatome on one side of pt.
  • we have live attenuated vaccine.
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8
Q

EBV - epstein barr virus

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies, Herpesviridae
  • Mononucleosis, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (esp post. cervical nodes)
  • Affects epithelial cells in nasopharynx and B-cells.
  • EBV goes latent in B cells. B cell mitogen, causes prod of heterophile Abs.
  • T cells (downey cells) kill infected B cells, you get massive lymphadenopathy.
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9
Q

CMV - cytomegalovirus

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies, Herpesviridae
  • Congenital infection, mononucleosis ( neg. Monospot), pneumonia (esp interstitial pneumonia in transplant pts), retinitis.
  • Infected cells have characteristic “owl eye” inclusions.
  • Latent in mononuclear cells.
  • most common in-utero infection in the USA
  • we do NOT vaccinate for CMV
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10
Q

HHV-6

A
  • dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies, Herpesviridae
  • Roseola: VERY high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash.
  • no vaccine
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11
Q

HHV-8

A

-dsDNA, enveloped, intranuclear inclusion bodies, Herpesviridae
-Kaposi sarcoma. Seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients.
-Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions representing endothelial growths. Can also affect
GI tract and lungs.
-Transmitted by sexual contact.
-no treatment.

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12
Q

Poxvirus

A

-dsDNA, enveloped. (largest dsDNA virus)
-only DNA virus that replicates in cytoplasm
1)Smallpox (variola), although eradicated, could be used in germ warfare.
-all vesicles are in the same stage.
2)Cowpox (“milkmaid blisters”)
3)Molluscum contagiosum—flesh-colored dome
lesions with central umbilicated dimple

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13
Q

Calicivirus

A
  • naked, ssRNA, positive sense.
  • Norovirus (norwalk) virus—viral gastroenteritis
  • plagues the cruise ship industry.
  • distinguishing vs. rotavirus. If you can WALK, its norWALK virus. So infants that have gastroenteritis its rotavirus.
  • no treatment. Wash hands to prevent.
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14
Q

Hepevirus

A

Hepatitis E

  • high mortality rate in pregnant pts.
  • fecal/oral
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15
Q

Picornavirus (enteroviruses)

A

-naked, ssRNA, positive sense.
1)Poliovirus—polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines—IPV/OPV
2)Echovirus—aseptic meningitis, fever/rash of unknown origin.
3)Rhinovirus—“common cold”. Acid labile (unlike others).
4)Coxsackievirus—aseptic meningitis; herpangina
(mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot, and mouth
disease; myocarditis; pericarditis
5)HAV—acute viral hepatitis
**PERCH

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16
Q

Flaviviruses

A
  • enveloped, ssRNA, positive sense.
  • besides HepC, all arboviruses (spread by mosquitos)
    1) HCV
    2) Yellow fevera
    3) Denguea
    4) St. Louis encephalitisa
    5) West Nile virusa
17
Q

Togavirus

A

1) rubella: infant cataracts, PDA, pulm stenosis, deafness.

- live attenuated vaccine

18
Q

Coronavirus

A
  • enveloped, ssRNA, positive sense.
  • common cold and SARS
  • SARS = atypical pneumonia + history of travel to endemic area (china, canada).
19
Q

Rhabdovirus

A
  • Rabies

- enveloped, ssRNA, negative sense, bullet shaped.

20
Q

filovirus

A
  • enveloped, ssRNA, positive sense.
  • ebola
  • not airborne, you get them from direct contact w/blood/secretions.
  • attacks and ruptures vascular endothelial cells leading to massive hemorrhage.
21
Q

bunyavirus

A
  • enveloped, 3 segments, RNA virus, negative sense.
    1) hantavirus: high mortality rate.
  • hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia, myalgia in legs.
22
Q

reovirus

A
  • naked, dsRNA, 10-12 segments.
    1) rotavirus
  • # 1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

Pharm (12 decks)

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