Viruses

Question 1

What is the basic viral anatomy?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is a naked virus?

Answer 2

One with no envelope

Question 3

What are the stages in a viral life cycle?

Answer 3

1) Attachement
2) Penetration
3) Uncoating
4) Genome and protein replication
5) Assembly
6) Release (envelope then fuses with membranes - if not it bursts out when numbers are high enough)

Question 4

What are the methods of penetration?

Answer 4

Viral translocation - Poorly understood

Membrane fusion - If it has an envelope

Receptor mediated endocytosis - In enveloped and naked it can bind to receptors and is endocytosed. PH dependent - Acidification causes its release

Question 5

Where do viruses tend to enter the body?

Answer 5

Mainly respiratory tract

Also ailementary but must withstand harsh environement

M cells are an immunological weak spot (Peyers patches)

Question 6

What causes syphillis and how is it spread?

Answer 6

T.pallidum

Sexual contact

Question 7

How is rubella transmitted?

Answer 7

Through the placenta congenitally or via air droplets

Question 8

Name an enveloped virus

Answer 8

Influenza

Question 9

What is another term for rubella?

Answer 9

German measles

Question 10

When is rubella a serious problem?

Answer 10

If it is caught in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

It can cause heart abnormalities. blindess and deafness