Viruses Flashcards
Influenza (types A B and C)
+HA +NA
- ss RNA
Flu = fever, rhinitis, cough, myalgias, arthralgias etc
Reyes sx = children + aspirin + flu = liver/brain disease
parainfluenza
\+HA +NA +F - ss RNA adults = bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis kids/elderly = viral pneumonia croup = barking cough
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
-HA -NA +F
- ss RNA
MCC pneumonia < 6 mos
acute otitis media
metapneumovirus
integrin alpha-V-beta receptor
- ss RNA
upper/lower resp infxns in kids/elderly
mumps
\+HA +NA +F - ss RNA Mumps: parotid gland swelling testicular swelling meningitis encephalitis
measles (rubeola)
+HA -NA +F
- ss RNA
Measles:
prodrome = high fever, hacking cough, conjunctivitis
kopliks spots = red based blue-white centered lesions in mouth
rash = spreads from head to toe (like paint)
subacute aclerosing panencephalitis = slow encephalitis many yrs after measles infxn
hepatitis A
+ ss RNA
Acute viral hepatitis = fever, jaundice, painful hepatomegaly
NEVER BECOMES CHRONIC
anti-HAV IgM = active disease
anti-HAV IgG = old; no active disease (protective)
hepatitis B
ds circular DNA
Dane particle = envelope + capsid assoc proteins + capsid + core (DNA + enzymes)
dissociation of dane particle leaves HBsAg and HBcAg
carries DNA polymerase in virion
acute viral hepatitis = fever, jaundice, painful hepatomegaly
fulminant hepatitis = severe acute hepatitis w/ rapid destruction of liver
chronic hepatitis:
asx carrier
chronic peristent hepatitis
chronic active hepatitis
HBsAg = disease anti-HBsAg = immunity IgM anti HBcAg = new infection IgG anti-HBcAg = old infection HBeAg = high infectivity anti-HBeAg = low infectivity
hepatitis C
ss RNA acute viral hepatitis 85% develop chronic 20% develop cirrhosis risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatitis D
incomplete RNA virus –> needs HBV (HBsAg)
anti-HBV abs help cure infxn
hepatitis E
ss RNA
similar to hepatitis A
hepatitis G
no evidence of liver disease
herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
varicella-zoster virus
ds linear DNA gingivostomatitis (cold sores) herpetic keratitis of the eye encephalitis (MCC of viral encephalitis in US) genitial herpes neonatal herpes (TORCHES) herpetic whitlow varicella (chicken pox) zoster (shingles) herpes zoster ophthalmicus --> can lead to blindness
cytomegalovirus
ds linear DNA asx congenital disease (TORCHES) CMV mononucleosis immunocompromised --> pneumonia retinitis esophagitis
epstein barr virus
ds linear DNA
infectious mononucleosis = fever sore throat severe lethargy enlarged nodes and spleen
burkitts B cell lymphoma
human herpesvirus 6
ds linear DNA
roseola (exanthum subitum) = high fever followed by rash on trunk
human herpesvirus 8
ds linear DNA
kaposis sarcoma
poxviridae
complex coat
smallpox = skin lesions –> DEATH
molluscum contagiosum = small white bumps w/ central dimple in genital region
papovaviridae
ds circular DNA
HPV= warts
BK polyomavirus = kidney dis in kidney transplant, hemorrhagic cystitis in BMT
JC polyomavirus = leukoencephalopathy –> degenerative CNS white matter disease
adenoviridae
ds circular DNA
upper resp tract infxn = fever sore throat fever conjunctivitis
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
epidemic diarrheal illness in infants/kids
parvoviridae
- ss linear DNA
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) affects kids 4-12:
fever and slap cheek rash
transient aplastic anemia crisis = parvovirus stops production of RBCs in BM
togaviridae alpha virus
WEE
EEE
VEE
+ ss RNA
vector = mosquito
HA, fever, altered level of consciousness, focal neurologic deficits
togoviridae alpha virus
chikungunya
fever rash joint pain
chronic arthritis
togaviridae rubivirus
rubella: fever lymphadenopathy flulike sxs rash from forehead to face to torso to extremities (3 days)
congenital defects (TORCHES)
flaviviridae yellow fever virus
+ ss RNA
hepatitis –> jaundice
fever
backache
flaviviridae dengue fever
"break bone fever" \+ ss RNA HA mm aches joint aches backache
dengue hemorrhagic fever = hemorrhage thrombocytopenia and septic shock (more likely with recurrent infxns)
flaviviridae St. Louis, Japanese, West Nile encephalitis
encephalitis
fever
flaviviridae west nile virus
fever
meningitis
encephalitis or myelitis that produces flaccid paralysis
bunyaviridae
california encephalitis
rift valley fever
sandfly fever virus
- ss RNA
arthropod vector
fever
encephalitis
rift valley fever can also cause hemorrhagic manifestations
bunyaviridae hantavirus
- ss RNA
hemorrhagic fever w/ renal syndrome
hantavirus pulmonary sx = fever, mm aches, cough, nausea/vomit, pulmonary edema –> resp failure, 40% mortality
enteroviridae poliovirus
+ ss RNA
mild febrile illness (infants)
aseptic meningitis
paralytic poliomyelitis = flaccid paralysis d/t necrosis of large motor neurons
enteroviridae coxsackie A
+ ss RNA
cold
rashes
viral meningitis
herpangina = fever, sore throat, small vesicles in back of throat
hand foot and mouth disease (kids < 5) = vesicles on hands, foot and mouth, highly contagious
enteroviridae cocksackie B
+ ss RNA
viral meningitis
myocarditis/pericarditis
pleurodynia
enteroviridae echoviruses
+ ss RNA
cold
rashes
viral meningitis pericarditis
rhinoviridae rhinovirus
+ ss RNA
common cold
astrovirus
+ ss RNA
diarrheal illness
norwalk virus
+ ss RNA
viral gastroenteritis = fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (no pus no blood)
rotavirus
ss RNA
viral gastroenteritis = fever abdominal pain vomiting diarrhea (no blood no pus)
severe dehydration
coronavirus
+ ss RNA
common cold
rhabdoviridae
- ss RNA
Rabies:
prodrome = fever HA sore throat and very sensitive nn around wound site
acute encephalitis = confusion and seizures
classic brain stem encephalitis = crainal nn dysfxn, contraction of pharyngeal mm –> foaming of the mouth
DEATH
marburg virus
ebola virus
- ss RNA
acute viral hemorrhagic fever –> high mortality (50-90%)
2 wks incubation
abrupt onset of fever, HA, myalgia, abdom pain, diarrhea, pharyngitis, hiccups, cough, and somnolence
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM)
- ss RNA
influenza like illness sometimes assoc w/ viral meningitis
occasionally fatal
Lassa fever
- ss RNA
fever, sore throat, abdom pain, inractable vomiting and hypotension
fatal in half of cases
south american hemorrhagic fever viruses
- ss RNA
gradual onset of fever myalgias nausea abdom pain conjuctivitis sometimes gen lymphadenopathy. later bleeding and petechiae. sometimes tremor seizures diarrhea.
