viruses

Question 1

viroids

Answer 1

naked RNA that are not bound to proteins

Question 2

prions

Answer 2

proteins only (ex. mad Cow disease)

Question 3

what’s in a virus

Answer 3

has a capsid, has nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) has a membraneous coat

Question 4

lytic cycle

Answer 4

faster process than lysogenic cycle. Virus inserts viral DNA into host cell. Viral DNA replicates until it ruptures and dies.

Question 5

lysogenic cycle

Answer 5

Viral DNA is inserted into host cell and the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA. Is usually latent or dormant

Question 6

characteristics of life

Answer 6

has nucleic acid, protein, reproduces, and evolves

Question 7

characteristics of non-life

Answer 7

don’t grow, don’t come from pre-existing cells, do not use energy, can be crystallized, can stay in suspended animation, don’t respond to stimuli, can spread(non motile), non cellular

Question 8

whats in a bacterialphage

Answer 8

capsid (the thing surrounding nucleic acid), enzyme (the protein at the bottom of thr bacterialphage), nucleic acid (has DNA), tail (has 6 tail fibers)

Question 9

virus

Answer 9

a noncellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade cells and replicate

Question 10

latent

Answer 10

hidden. (ex. lysogenic cycles can be latent which can cause tumors)

Question 11

virulent

Answer 11

very harmful. (ex. lytic cycles can be very virulent)

Question 12

benign tumors

Answer 12

less harmful, don’t spread (ex. warts)

Question 13

malignant tumors

Answer 13

cancerous and can spread

Question 14

dormant

Answer 14

inactive

Question 15

viral diseases

Answer 15

HIV, HPV, Influenza

Question 16

first line of defense

Answer 16

skin and other exterior barriers (mucus, sweat, oils, tears, ear wax, digestive acids

Question 17

2nd line of defense

Answer 17

inflammatory response, involves phagocytes (ex. white blood cells), engulfs and breaks down invaders, histamine, interferon

Question 18

3rd line of defense

Answer 18

involves antibodies - lymphocytes (ex. B-cells and T-cells)

Question 19

B-cells

Answer 19

produces antibodies that stick to antigens to deactivate them (antibody mediated immunity)

Question 20

T-cells

Answer 20

have antibodies around their surface which allows them to detect invaders (cell mediated attack)

Question 21

phagocytes

Answer 21

a type of immune cell used to kill microorganisms, ingest foreign materials, and remove dead cells

Question 22

lymphocytes

Answer 22

type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. in most vertebrates

Question 23

Antibody

Answer 23

immunoglobulin. A type of protein that fights of antigens

Question 24

active immunity

Answer 24

your bodies makes antibodies to fight against invaders (ex. fighting it off when infected, or by vaccination)

Question 25

passive immunity

Answer 25

when your body receives antibodies from another source (shots (tetanus or rabies shot) and mothers milk)

Question 26

immune disorders

Answer 26

allergies. involves production of IgE antibodies which trigger histamine release

Question 27

autoimmune disorder

Answer 27

immune system attacks its own body (ex. juvenile onset diabetes)

Question 28

antigen

Answer 28

a foreign substance that triggers an immune response

Question 29

viral specificity

Answer 29

viruses with limited numbers of host they can infect (ex. influenza, HIV, HPV)