DNA, evolution, taxonomy

Question 1

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 1

A double helix, complimentary pairing of adjacent strands

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleicacid

Question 3

What are the four bases in DNA and what is it connected to?

Answer 3

Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. It’s connected to the backbone of the DNA which is a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Question 4

what is a mutation?

Answer 4

when there are changes in the expressions of a gene or chromosome that affects the proteins produced as a result

Question 5

Natural Selection

Answer 5

also known as “survival of the fittest”. Organisms with genes more fit for the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 6

Genetic Drift

Answer 6

changes in the genetic make-up of a smaller population due to unplanned coincidences

Question 7

gene flow

Answer 7

Change in the population allele frequency due to migration

Question 8

mate selection including how

Answer 8

the ability to let organisms pick their own mates to reproduce with through physical or behavioral traits

Question 9

reproductive isolation

Answer 9

a way to keep 2 species isolated and apart

Question 10

punctuated equillibrium

Answer 10

the theory that evolutionary change goes in short bursts rather than a steady constant path

Question 11

homologous structures

Answer 11

organisms that share similar features or structures in their limbs but different functions

Question 12

analogous structure

Answer 12

same function different structure

Question 13

fossil record

Answer 13

a direct piece of evidence to show evolutionary change through time, adaptive radiations and extinction

Question 14

gradual change

Answer 14

the theory that change goes at a steady and slow rate

Question 15

embryology

Answer 15

the study of the development of organisms during the early stages of life

Question 16

vestigial organ

Answer 16

organs/structures that lost its function/purpose over the course of evolution

Question 17

fossil

Answer 17

the remains of an organism used as direct evidence for evolutionary change

Question 18

who created the term natural selection and “survival of the fittest” and how

Answer 18

Charles Darwin. He used finches to study how they would adapt to different environments

Question 19

biochemical relationships

Answer 19

organisms with more similar DNA and protein compositions are more likely to be related

Question 20

3 domains and 6 kingdoms

Answer 20

domains: bacteria, eukarya, archaea
kingdoms: plantae, animalia, fungi, protista, eubacteria, aechaebacteria

Question 21

vertebrates and invertebrates

Answer 21

vertebrates are organisms with back bones or spines, invertebrates are organism who don’t have them

Question 22

prokaryotes

Answer 22

unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, no defined nucleus, very small, prokaryotic organelles with a flagellum lack the 9+2 pattern

Question 23

eukaryotes

Answer 23

multicellular, has membrane bound organelles, has defined nucleus

Question 24

evolutionary theory

Answer 24

the theory that all organisms evolve and diverge through a common ancestor

Question 25

heterotrophs and autotrophs

Answer 25

heterotrophs consume food and find food. autotrophs make their own food

Question 26

directional selection

Answer 26

overtime, the population switches from one extreme trait to the other

Question 27

stabilizing selection

Answer 27

when no extreme traits are preferred and population stabilizes on the normal traits

Question 28

disruptive selection

Answer 28

when both extreme traits are preferred. this can lead to divergence and adaptive radiation

Question 29

adaptive radiation

Answer 29

adaptive radiation happens when a species rapidly diverges into multiple forms

Question 30

speciation

Answer 30

speciation is when a species emerges into new/multiple species

Question 31

convergence and ecological equivalents

Answer 31

convergence happens when two distinct species experience certain selection pressure, which causes the two species to evolve to have similar traits despite being isolated from each other

Question 32

divergence

Answer 32

when one species diverges into two species