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alevel biology year 1 > viruses > Flashcards

viruses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a virus

A

a cellular non-living particle

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2
Q

what is the structure of a virus

A

either DNA or RNA ( nucleic acid ) surrounded by a protein coat ( capsid ) and sometimes a lipid coat aswell
attachment proteins allow the virus to identify and connect to the host cell

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3
Q

why are viruses not living

A

they dont carry out all of the MRS H GREN processes

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4
Q

what is a compelte virus particle called

A

a virion

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5
Q

what are the 4 shapes of a virus

A

helix
polyhedral
enveloped
others

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6
Q

how are viruses classified?

A

morphology (shape and stucture)
what it infects
genetic composition ( DNA or RNA single structure )
pathology ( what disease it causes )

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7
Q

what is the structure of a bacteriophage

A

complex double stranded DNA

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8
Q

what is the host cell and disease for the bacteriophage

A

e-coli bacterial cell - lysogenic and lytic cell cycle
small intestine cells

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9
Q

what is the structure of a tobacco mosaic virus ( TMV )

A

helix
single stranded RNA ( positive sense)

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10
Q

what is the host cell and disease for TMV

A

tobacco mosaic disease in tobacco plants and other legumes

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11
Q

what is the structure of ebola virus

A

enveloped helix
single stranded RNA ( negative sense)

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12
Q

what is the host cell and disease for ebola

A

host cell = human cells
disease = haemoraggic fever and 90 % death rate
budding

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13
Q

what is the structure of HIV

A

enveloped icosahedron
single stranded RNA
retrovirus

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14
Q

what is the disease and host cell for HIV

A

host cell = human white blood cells
disease = AIDS
latency and budding

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15
Q

what is a DNA virus

A

genetic material is DNA so direclty used as a template for new viral DNA and mRNA in viral protein synthesis

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16
Q

what is a positve RNA virus

A

has a sequence that can be translated directly by the ribosomes to synthesise proteins

17
Q

what is a negative RNA virus

A

it has a complementary sequence to RNA to the mRNA copy has to be made using RNA polymerase enzyme before viral proteins can be translated

18
Q

what is a RNA retrovirus

A

these viruses have a unique enzyme called reverse transcriptase that makes double-stranded DNA from single stranded RNA template . This DNA can then be integrated into the host cells genomic DNA .

19
Q

when the DNA of a retrovirus is incorportated into the host cell what is it called ?

A

provirus - remains latent for years and is replicated everytime the cell divides

20
Q

describe the lytic cycle of a virus

A

viral proteins are made
genetic material multiply’s and the host cell eventually lyses

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alevel biology year 1 (8 decks)

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