lesson 1 - eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell ?

Answer 1

cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 2

what organelles are in a typical animal cell

Answer 2

nucleus , cell membrane , mitochondria , cytoplasm , Golgi apparatus , nucleolus , rough endoplasmic reticulum , smooth endoplasmic reticulum , ribosomes , lysosome, centrioles , nuclear membrane

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

partially permeable so controls what enters or leaves the cell

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

contains the genetic material of the cell ( DNA ) and RNA in the form of nucleic acid

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

site of aerobic respiration ( has an inner and outer membrane )

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

jelly like liquid that contains the organelles and makes up the bulk of the cell , where chemical reactions occur

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

granular combination of DNA bonded to proteins found in the nucleus when the cell is not actively dividing

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

extra dense area of the nucleus involved in the production of ribosomes and growth and division

Question 9

cristae

Answer 9

folding of the membranes within the mitochondria to increase the SA for aerobic reactions

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

found near the nucleus and produces the spindle fibres needed to pull the chromosomes to ends of the cell in meiosis

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

3D web like structure that fills the cytoplasm and gives it structure

Question 12

microfilaments

Answer 12

protein fibres that make up the structure of the cytoskeleton

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

tiny protein tubes that make up part of the cytoskeleton structure

Question 14

contractile vacuole

Answer 14

vacuoles that can fill and empty to control the concentration of the cytoplasm of simple freshwater animals

Question 15

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

covered in 80s ribosomes so is involved in protein synthesis

Question 16

smooth endoplamsic reticulum

Answer 16

3D network of tubules which is involved in the synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids in the cell

Question 17

ribosomes

Answer 17

site of protein synthesis ( 80 s or 70 s )

Question 18

exocytosis

Answer 18

vesicle fuses with the cell surface membrane so the contents are released to the outside of the cell ( requires energy )

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

stacks of membranes that modify and package proteins to be transported - can also produce materials for plant cell wall

Question 19

lysosome

Answer 19

organelle full of digestive enzymes to break down food or waste cell matter

Question 20

what organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t ?

Answer 20

permanent vacuole , chloroplasts , cell wall

Question 21

tonoplast

Answer 21

specialised membrane that surrounds the permanent vacuole in plant cells and controls movement in and out

Question 22

cell sap

Answer 22

aqueous solution that fills the permanent vacuole

Question 23

chloroplast

Answer 23

adapted to carry out photosynthesis , contains chlorophyll

Question 24

chlorophyll

Answer 24

green pigment that traps energy from light in photosynthesis

Question 25

amyloplasts

Answer 25

plant organelles that store starch