viruses

Question 1

What do glycoproteins do

Answer 1

They help viruses attach to host cells

Question 2

What does Reverse Transcriptase do?

Answer 2

Transcribes viral RNA to DNA

Question 3

What does genetic material coated with protein do? (RNA)

Answer 3

Allows the virus to make new viruses

Question 4

Step 1 of HIV infection

Answer 4

Virus attaches to receptor on host’s plasma membrane. Its core disintegrates, and viral RNA enters the cytoplasm

Question 5

Step 2 of viral infection

Answer 5

Viral reverse transcriptase produces DNA, using viral RNA as a template

Question 6

step 3 of HIV infection

Answer 6

DNA enters the nucleus and is incorporated into host chromosomes. It is transcribed into mRNA and more viral RNA, which move to the cytoplasm

Question 7

Step 4 of HIV infection

Answer 7

viral proteins are synthesized using mRNA

Question 8

Step 5 of HIV infection

Answer 8

viral proteins and RNA are assembled

Question 9

Step 6 of HIV infection

Answer 9

viruses bud from the plasma membrane

Question 10

Step 1 of herpes life cycle

Answer 10

Virus enters host cell through endocytosis

Question 11

Step 2 of herpes life cycle

Answer 11

The virus releases viral DNA and combines with host DNA. It is then replicated.

Question 12

Step 3 of herpes life cycle

Answer 12

Viral DNA is transcribed into RNA which moves into the cytoplasm

Question 13

Step 4 of herpes life cycle

Answer 13

mRNA makes coat and envelope proteins which enter the nucleus

Question 14

Step 5 of herpes life cycle

Answer 14

The new viruses assemble and bud from the nucleus, acquiring an envelope from the inner nuclear membrane

Question 15

Step 6 of herpes life cycle

Answer 15

Newly formed viruses leave the host cell through exocytosis.

Question 16

What are the 4 characteristics of a virus?

Answer 16

1. They must have a host cell to survive
2. Each virus has a specific host cell it infects
3. A virus is composed of either a DNA or RNA protein coat
4. a virus does not require energy

Question 17

Why are viruses difficult to treat?

Answer 17

1. They are inside the host cell
2. Viruses mature rapidly
3. They become resistant to medications do to mutations that occur

Question 18

What do flu shots stimulate?

Answer 18

T-cells which then stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies.

Question 19

Who decides what viral strains will be used in the flu vaccine each year in the US?

Answer 19

FDA

Question 20

What is a viroid?

Answer 20

A virus that only infects plants. It only has RNA and no protein coat. It uses RNA polymerase to make more viroids to infect other plants.

Question 21

Viroids have been devastating to the following plants.

Answer 21

1. Potatoes
2. Citrus Fruit
3. Coconuts
4. Avocados

Question 22

What is a prion

Answer 22

An abnormally folded cellular protein. The folds lead to brain damage.

Question 23

What prion disease is found in sheep?

Answer 23

Scrapie

Question 24

Human Influenza is known as

Answer 24

Flu, has four strains (ABCD)

Question 25

Varicella Zoster is known as

Answer 25

Chicken Pox and Shingles

Question 26

Ebola virus causes

Answer 26

severe bleeding

Question 27

Zika virus is carried by

Answer 27

Mosquitoes and associated with birth defects

Question 28

West Nile VIrus is carried by

Answer 28

mosquitoes

Question 29

Hepatitis ABCDE causes

Answer 29

inflammation of the liver