Virus Review (Post Week 2)

Question 1

DNA viruses replicate in +++++. except ++++

Answer 1

nucleus except poxvirus, which carries its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 2

DNA viruses usually have what shape genomes? What is the exception?

Answer 2

linear genomes except papilloma, polyoma, and hepadna

Question 3

List the DNA viruses

Answer 3

HHAPPPP y hepadna herpes adeno pox parvo papilloma polyoma

Question 4

Naked viruses include? (8)

Answer 4

Give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked HIPpie DNA = PAPP Papilloma, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomavirus RNA = CPR Calicivirus Picornavirus Reovirus Hepevirus

Question 5

All RNA viruses replicate in the ++++ except +++

Answer 5

cytoplasm except influenza, retro

Question 6

RNA viruses have how many strands? what is the exception?

Answer 6

singlestranded except reo (repeato) virus

Question 7

List the positive stranded RNA viruses.

Answer 7

I went to a retro toga party, where I drank flavored Corona and ate hippie Califonria pickles. retrovirus togavirus flavivirus Coronavirus hepevirus calicivirus pickles

Question 8

What is the most common congenital infection in the U.S.? What type of virus is it?

Answer 8

Cytomegalovirus It is a herpes virus, which means it’s DNA, double stranded, and enveloped. “sightomegalovirus” -> vision problems (neurologic deficits)

Question 9

Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Bunnell test. Agglutination of horse RBCs on exposure to heterophile antibodies is the basis of the Monospot test. What are these tests indicators for?

Answer 9

mono: Epstein-Barr virus

Question 10

Which disease is associated with swelling of parotid? How long incubation before symptoms? Why doesn’t a vaccination guarantee you’ll be fine?

Answer 10

15 days mumps vaccine is only 80-90% effective

Question 11

What are two major causes of childhood respiratory disease?

Answer 11

RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes any respiratory illness from common cold to pneumonia HPiV: usually mild symptoms, second to RSV in causing severe resp. disease both are aerosol -> localized to respiratory tract RSV: pneuomnia from cytopathologic spread of virus, bronchilitis because of your immune system causing necrosis) HPiV: barking croup cough

Question 12

Can you treat rhabdovirus?

Answer 12

No successful treatment of clinical rabies: it’s fatal but immediate prophylaxis after a bite can help (there’s a 20-90 day incubation period)

Question 13

Describe the pathogenesis of rabies virus.

Answer 13

1.you get bitten 2. viral replication in muscle 3. virion enters peripheral nervous system 4. passive ascent via sensory fibers 5. REPLICATION IN DORSAL GANGLION 6. rapid ascent in spinal cor 7. spread in CNS: move across cell to cell junction distribution via CSF cell fusion 8. descending infection via N.S. to eye and organs

Question 14

What are Negri bodies? What are they associated with?

Answer 14

Rabies in cytoplasm of neurons, you see these inclusion bodies

Question 15

What is reovirus standing for? Structure?

Answer 15

double stranded RNA, with double caspid Respiratory Enteric Oprhan virus (misnomer: it does have disease Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children — sanitation doesn’t reduce incidence (same incidence in developed and developing world)

Question 16

Answer 16

Measles:

Question 17

What protein is required for syncitia formation ? How is this advantageous in gaming the immune system?

What disease type is this associated with (name it, tell its structure, and name the four viruses assocaited)

Answer 17

F protein. This means the virus can spread cell-cell, without ever encountering antibodies/humoral immunity.

This is associated with paramyxoviruses, which include measles, mumps, RSV, and hPIV.

This is a nonnsegmented, negative RNA ss virus.

Question 18

this person has a body rash and these spots shown in their mouth. what disease do they have? what is the complication major cause of death associated with it? what possible adverse outcome in future?

Answer 18

measles (koplik’s spots are white or blue spots shown in mouth)

pneumonia (60% fatality)

SSPE: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (many years after measles)

Question 19

Older patient mentions that they got a measles vaccine as a child, but still got it, has more prolonged fever and severe pneumonia. What could be a cause?

Answer 19

They may have gotten an inactivated, killed version of the vaccine (1963-1967). This is not successful: you need T cells.

they have “atypical measles”

Question 20

How do you treat measles?

Answer 20

not great options: antivirals like ribivarin might help

immune globulin is helpful within first six days of exposure to reduce severity

Question 21

How do you treat mumps?

Answer 21

Not much–immune globulin doesn’t really help.

Question 22

Why might a mumps vaccinated person still get mumps?

Answer 22

vaccine isn’t very effective 80-90%.

Question 23

What is the difference between RSV and mumps/measles in terms of location of pathogenesis

Answer 23

all are transmitted through respiratory methods. with RSV you have no viremia–stays localized in respiratory tract.

Question 24

What major symptoms are associated with RSV? How do you treat? How do you prevent?

Answer 24

pneumonia (as a result of disease spreading via syncitia)

bronchiolitis (result of bronchiole necrosis, obstruction of airways – shown here)

treatment: mostly supportive care, ribivarin questionably
prevent: NO VACCINE NOTHING

but prophalactic care: some immunoglobulin, Palivuzimab => monoclonal antibody against F protein

Question 25

parinfluenza: treatment?

Answer 25

supportive care (nebulized steam)

corticosteroids may help lower aggressiveness

Question 26

What is the first place that rabies replicates? What is the next place? If you can get the person before symptoms arise, what do you do?

Answer 26

It first replicates at the location of the bite, which is in the muscle probably.

Then it goes up sensory neurons and replicates in dorsal ganglion.

Virions hit up CNS

–

you start injecting the vaccine into them multiple times, as well as anti rabies immune globulin

Question 27

Reovirus has a double caspid. What does this mean for when and where transcription of the RNA occurs?

Answer 27

It happens in the cytoplasm, but it happens protected within the inner caspid (the outer one got proteolyzed).

it happens at the vertices of the isosahedral shape.

Question 28

Rotavirus treatment and prevention?

Answer 28

Treatment: rehydration

Prevention: 75% effective vaccine called Rotateq, which is made of nonhuman rotavirus strains expressing antigens on surface.