Virus Review (Post Week 2) Flashcards
DNA viruses replicate in +++++. except ++++
nucleus except poxvirus, which carries its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
DNA viruses usually have what shape genomes? What is the exception?
linear genomes except papilloma, polyoma, and hepadna
List the DNA viruses
HHAPPPP y hepadna herpes adeno pox parvo papilloma polyoma
Naked viruses include? (8)
Give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked HIPpie DNA = PAPP Papilloma, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomavirus RNA = CPR Calicivirus Picornavirus Reovirus Hepevirus
All RNA viruses replicate in the ++++ except +++
cytoplasm except influenza, retro
RNA viruses have how many strands? what is the exception?
singlestranded except reo (repeato) virus
List the positive stranded RNA viruses.
I went to a retro toga party, where I drank flavored Corona and ate hippie Califonria pickles. retrovirus togavirus flavivirus Coronavirus hepevirus calicivirus pickles
What is the most common congenital infection in the U.S.? What type of virus is it?
Cytomegalovirus It is a herpes virus, which means it’s DNA, double stranded, and enveloped. “sightomegalovirus” -> vision problems (neurologic deficits)
Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Bunnell test. Agglutination of horse RBCs on exposure to heterophile antibodies is the basis of the Monospot test. What are these tests indicators for?
mono: Epstein-Barr virus
Which disease is associated with swelling of parotid? How long incubation before symptoms? Why doesn’t a vaccination guarantee you’ll be fine?
15 days mumps vaccine is only 80-90% effective
What are two major causes of childhood respiratory disease?
RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes any respiratory illness from common cold to pneumonia HPiV: usually mild symptoms, second to RSV in causing severe resp. disease both are aerosol -> localized to respiratory tract RSV: pneuomnia from cytopathologic spread of virus, bronchilitis because of your immune system causing necrosis) HPiV: barking croup cough
Can you treat rhabdovirus?
No successful treatment of clinical rabies: it’s fatal but immediate prophylaxis after a bite can help (there’s a 20-90 day incubation period)
Describe the pathogenesis of rabies virus.
1.you get bitten 2. viral replication in muscle 3. virion enters peripheral nervous system 4. passive ascent via sensory fibers 5. REPLICATION IN DORSAL GANGLION 6. rapid ascent in spinal cor 7. spread in CNS: move across cell to cell junction distribution via CSF cell fusion 8. descending infection via N.S. to eye and organs
What are Negri bodies? What are they associated with?
Rabies in cytoplasm of neurons, you see these inclusion bodies
What is reovirus standing for? Structure?
double stranded RNA, with double caspid Respiratory Enteric Oprhan virus (misnomer: it does have disease Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children — sanitation doesn’t reduce incidence (same incidence in developed and developing world)
Measles:
What protein is required for syncitia formation ? How is this advantageous in gaming the immune system?
What disease type is this associated with (name it, tell its structure, and name the four viruses assocaited)
F protein. This means the virus can spread cell-cell, without ever encountering antibodies/humoral immunity.
This is associated with paramyxoviruses, which include measles, mumps, RSV, and hPIV.
This is a nonnsegmented, negative RNA ss virus.
this person has a body rash and these spots shown in their mouth. what disease do they have? what is the complication major cause of death associated with it? what possible adverse outcome in future?
measles (koplik’s spots are white or blue spots shown in mouth)
pneumonia (60% fatality)
SSPE: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (many years after measles)
Older patient mentions that they got a measles vaccine as a child, but still got it, has more prolonged fever and severe pneumonia. What could be a cause?
They may have gotten an inactivated, killed version of the vaccine (1963-1967). This is not successful: you need T cells.
they have “atypical measles”
How do you treat measles?
not great options: antivirals like ribivarin might help
immune globulin is helpful within first six days of exposure to reduce severity
How do you treat mumps?
Not much–immune globulin doesn’t really help.
Why might a mumps vaccinated person still get mumps?
vaccine isn’t very effective 80-90%.
What is the difference between RSV and mumps/measles in terms of location of pathogenesis
all are transmitted through respiratory methods. with RSV you have no viremia–stays localized in respiratory tract.
What major symptoms are associated with RSV? How do you treat? How do you prevent?
pneumonia (as a result of disease spreading via syncitia)
bronchiolitis (result of bronchiole necrosis, obstruction of airways – shown here)
treatment: mostly supportive care, ribivarin questionably
prevent: NO VACCINE NOTHING
but prophalactic care: some immunoglobulin, Palivuzimab => monoclonal antibody against F protein
