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Biology 11 > Virus and Bacteria (2) > Flashcards

Virus and Bacteria (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

The Protein case which encases the genetic material of a virus

A

Capsid

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2
Q

Double stranded genetic material which is contained in some viruses

A

DNA 🧬

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3
Q

•Single stranded genetic material which is present in some viruses

A

RNA

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4
Q

The pathway where a virus lies dormant within a cell for a period of time before beginning its reproductive cycle

A

Lysogenic cycle

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5
Q

The cycle of viral replication which causes the host cell to burst open

(in a short time)

A

Lytic cycle

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6
Q

A virus that no longer contains it’s genetic material

A

Viroids

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7
Q

A Virus that attacks bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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8
Q

An injection given to produce immunity to a viral/deadly disease

A

Vaccine

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9
Q

______________ cells allow the body to react faster to an infection if it has been exposed to the pathogen more than once

A

Antibody

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10
Q

An Organism that causes disease

could be virus or bacteria or parasite

A

A Pathogen

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11
Q

Viruses are considered non-living because they cannot ____________ without the help of a host cell

A

Reproduce

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12
Q

A Virus with RNA as its genetic material

A

Retrovirus

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13
Q

Compared to bacteria, viruses are much _____________________in size

A

Smaller

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14
Q

A Host cell that has viral genetic material incorporated into it’s DNA

A

Prophage

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15
Q

Type of cell which doesn’t have a nucleus or organelles

A

Prokaryote

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16
Q

What are the smallest and most common microorganisms?

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Of the two bacterial kingdoms, this kingdom is more closely related to eukaryotes

A

Eubacteria

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18
Q

These are the most ancient organisms and live in harsh environments

A

Archaebacteria

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19
Q

Bacteria cell walls which contain peptidoglycan (gram positive)

It stains this colour

A

Purple

20
Q

Gram negative cells stain this colour

A

Pink

21
Q

Peptidoglycan is found in this structure in Eubacteria

A

The Cell wall

22
Q

Part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exits the bacterium/cell

A

Cell membrane

23
Q

Some bacterium are propelled/move with this structure

A

Flagella

24
Q

A random change in the DNA of bacteria

A

A Mutation

25
Q

Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

26
Q

bacteria play a major role in the “fixation” of this gas into a form which is usable by plants

A

Nitrogen

27
Q

Spiral-Shaped Bacteria is called…

A

Spirilla

28
Q

Rod-Shaped Bacteria is called…

A

Bacilli

29
Q

Spherical Bacteria is called…

A

Cocci

30
Q

Bacteria that uses organic chemicals for their energy source and organic compounds for their Carbon Source

A

Chemo Heterothroph

31
Q

Bacteria that uses light for their energy source and use CO2 for their carbón source are called..?

A

Photo autotroph

32
Q

They must live in the presence of oxygen to live

A

Obligate Aerobes

33
Q

This Bacteria that lives in the absence of oxygen

A

Obligate Anaerobes

34
Q

_____compounds are used by chemoautotrophs for a source of energy

A

Inorganic

35
Q

The process of producing energy without the use of oxygen

It’s how alcohol is produced for various drinks

A

Fermentation

36
Q

Enables bacteria to exchange genetic information through the production of a cytoplasmic bridge

A

Conjugati

37
Q

Small circular piece of DNA that is transferred during conjunction

A

Plasmid

38
Q

Asexual reproduction of bacteria: where the daughter cells produced are equal in size

A

Binary Fission

39
Q

Formed to allow a bacteria to survive in harsh conditions, that can grow and reproduce when conditions become for favourable

A

Endospore

40
Q

Used to treat bacterial infections

A

Antibiotics

41
Q

The simplest preventive measure to avoid diseases

A

Hand washing!

42
Q

Something that kills microorganisms that are on the skin or living tissue

A

Antiseptic

43
Q

Best used to kill bacteria on non-living surfaces

A

Disinfectant

44
Q

Bacterial strains where antibiotics are used too frequently and no longer effective

A

Antibiotic Resistance

45
Q

Compared to viruses bacteria are much ______ in size

A

Larger

Biology 11 (2 decks)

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