Virus and bacteria Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life in bacteria?
The cell.
True or False: Viruses can reproduce on their own.
False.
Fill in the blank: Bacteria are classified as __________ organisms.
Prokaryotic.
What structure protects bacteria from the environment?
Cell wall.
Which of the following is a method of bacterial reproduction? A) Mitosis B) Binary Fission C) Budding
B) Binary Fission.
What is the primary genetic material in viruses?
RNA or DNA.
True or False: All viruses cause disease.
False.
What type of bacteria require oxygen for survival?
Aerobic bacteria.
Identify the process by which bacteria can exchange genetic material: A) Conjugation B) Transcription C) Translation
A) Conjugation.
What is the term for bacteria that thrive in extreme environments?
Extremophiles.
Fill in the blank: A virus that infects bacteria is called a __________.
Bacteriophage.
What is the role of ribosomes in bacteria?
Protein synthesis.
True or False: Viruses have a cellular structure.
False.
What is the main difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
The structure of their cell walls.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a shape of bacteria? A) Cocci B) Bacilli C) Spirilla D) Tetrahedron
D) Tetrahedron.
What is the primary function of the viral capsid?
To protect the viral genetic material.
Fill in the blank: Bacteria can be beneficial, such as those found in the __________.
Human gut.
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viruses.
False.
What is the term for the process by which bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance.
Which of the following is a common method for classifying bacteria? A) Color B) Shape C) Size
B) Shape.
What is the primary method by which viruses enter host cells?
Endocytosis.
Fill in the blank: The study of bacteria is known as __________.
Bacteriology.
True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False.
What is the term for the dormant form of some bacteria that can survive extreme conditions?
Endospore.
Multiple choice: Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? A) Tuberculosis B) Influenza C) Strep Throat
B) Influenza.
What is the primary mode of transmission for most viruses?
Direct contact or respiratory droplets.
Fill in the blank: The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains __________.
Lipopolysaccharides.
True or False: Viruses can be treated with vaccines.
True.
What is the term for a virus’s ability to cause disease?
Pathogenicity.
Which of the following structures is involved in the attachment of viruses to host cells? A) Envelope B) Tail fibers C) Capsid
B) Tail fibers.
What type of bacteria do not require oxygen for growth?
Anaerobic bacteria.
Fill in the blank: The __________ stain is commonly used to differentiate bacteria.
Gram.
True or False: Viruses can undergo mutation.
True.
What is the process called when a virus integrates its DNA into a host’s genome?
Lysogeny.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common method of viral replication? A) Budding B) Binary Fission C) Mitosis
A) Budding.
What are the two main types of bacteria based on their response to Gram staining?
Gram-positive and gram-negative.
Fill in the blank: A __________ is a virus that only infects bacteria.
Bacteriophage.
