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Virus Flashcards

1
Q

DNA virus

Enveloped

A

HHP
Hepadna (Hep B)
Herpes (1-8)
Pox (a/e chicken pox, vaccinia Variola MC)

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2
Q

DNA

Non enveloped

A

PAP
Papova (HPV, JC, SV40)
Adeno
Parvo (B19)

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3
Q

Smallest overall

A

Parvo B19

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4
Q

Pox symmetry

A

Only virus with Complex symmetry

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5
Q

RNA enveloped

A

RFT
Retro (HIV, HTLV)
Flavi (HepC)
Toga (chikunginia, rubella)

Arena - lassa 
Bunya - hanta 
Orthomyxo - influenza 
Paramyxo LARGEST RNA
Rhabdo Rabies 
Filo ebola 
Corona 
Delta - HepD
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6
Q

Largest virus overall

A

Pox virus

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7
Q 
KFD 
JE
Dengue 
Yellow fever 
Zika 
HEP C
A

Arbovirus 🦔
⬇️
FLAVI

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8
Q

RNA non enveloped

A

PCR
Picorna SMALLEST RNA Hep A Polio
Calci - Hep E
Reo - rota

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9
Q

Picorna

  • Entero
  • Rhino
A

Entero -
Polio
Cocksackie
Hep A

Rhino 🤷🏻‍♀️

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10
Q

RNA or DNA

RNA and DNA

A

Or VIRUS

And BACTERIA

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11
Q

Symmetry is given by?

A

Capsid (protein) around the NA

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12
Q

Icosahedral

A

HH
PAP
RFT
PCR

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13
Q

Complex

A

Pox and

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14
Q

Helical

A

Extra enveloped RNA list

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15
Q

Segmented virus

A 
RAMBO 
Rota/reo 11 - HIGHEST 
Adeno 2 
M
Bunya 3 
Orthomyxo 8

Rest ALL non segmented

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16
Q

ds RNA

A

Reovirus

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17
Q

ss DNA

A

Parvo

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18
Q

All have linear NA except helical NA by?

A

DNA

  • Hep B
  • HPV

RNA

  • Arena
  • Bunya
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19
Q

HA - hemagglutination

NA - elution by binding to SIALIC ACID RS ON RBC

A 
HA - all virus 
NA - IMP
Influenza 
Parainfluenza 
Mumps
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20
Q

RNA negative 🎞 sense strand

A 
Arena 
Bunya 
Orthomyxo 
Paramyxovirus 
Rhabdo 
Filo
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21
Q

Intranuclear
Intracytoplasmic
Both

A

Intranuclear COWDRY
Intracytoplasmic CPR
Both MEASELS

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22
Q

Intranuclear

A

HAY BAP

Cowdry A - Herpes and Yellow fever
B - Adeno and Picorna/polio

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23
Q

Intra cytoplasmic

A

CPR
Chlamydia
Pox
Rabies

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24
Q

Torres bodies

A

Yellow fever

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25
Q

Owl eye 👁

A

CMV

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26
Q

Lipshutz

A

HSV

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27
Q

Paschen

A

Variola

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28
Q

Guarneri

A

Vaccinia

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29
Q

HPaterson

A

MC

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30
Q

Bollinger

A

Fowl pox

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31
Q

Warthin finkedly

A

MEASELS

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32
Q

Negri

A

Rabies

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33
Q 
Adsorption 
Penetration 
Uncoating - reveals NA
Biosynthesis 
Assembly 
Mature 
Release
A

Steps of viral replication

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34
Q 
Penetration via
Endocytosis 
Pino 
Phagocytosis 
EXCEPT
A

Hiv - membrane fusion

Bacteriophage - never enters

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35
Q

Release by
Lysis
Budding

A

Lysis - non enveloped

Budding - enveloped (HOST DERIVED )

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36
Q

Animal inoculation
Embryonated egg Cx
Tissue Cx

A

Viral culture methods
NEED LIVE CELLS

Animal inoculation MICE mc
Embryonated egg Cx
Tissue Cx MC

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37
Q

Sucking mice

  • cerebral
  • foot pad
A

Cerebral - Coxsackie
A - flaccid paralysis
B - spastic

Foot pad - Mleprae

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38
Q

Parts of embryonated egg

A

Yolk sac
Amniotic cavity
Allantois (C shape)
CAM

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39
Q

CAM

A

HSV

Pox mc

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40
Q

Allantois

Amniotic cavity

A

Influenza

Mumps

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41
Q

Yolk sac

A

HSV
Arbo
Chlamydia
Ricketssia

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42
Q

Vaccines cultured in

A

Allantoic cavity

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43
Q

Allantoic cavity (large)

A

YIR
Yellow fever
Influenza
Rabies

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44
Q

Tissue culture

  • organ Cx
  • explant
  • cell Cx
A
  • organ Cx Tracheal ring
  • explant Minced adenoid
  • cell Cx mc
    •primary
    •diploid
    •continuous
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45
Q

Chick embryo fibroblast 🐥
Rhesus monkey 🐒 kidney
Human embryonic kidney

A

Primary cell Cx

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46
Q

Human diploid fibroblast (lung )

A

Diploid cell Cx

Lung
WI38
MRC5

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47
Q 
Hela 
Hep 2 
Mc coy 
BHK 
Vero MC
A

Continuous cell line

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48
Q

African green monkey 🐒 kidney cells

A

Vero

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49
Q

Detection of viral growth

A

Cytopatho effect
Viral interference (one virus with another)
IF

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50
Q

CPE of Entero

A

Rapid crenation

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51
Q

CPE of MEASELS

A

Syncitium formation

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52
Q

CPE of HSV

A

Ballooning of cells

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53
Q

CPE of SV40

A

Vacuolation

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54
Q

CPE of adeno

A

Grape like clusters 🍇

GRANULOMA CLUMPS

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55
Q

Virions vs Viroids

A

Virions - infectious virus

Viroid- plants 🪴 infections

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56
Q

Viral assay
Quantal
Quantitative

A

Quantal - presence or absence
EM PCR HA

QUANTITATIVE- exact no of virions
POCK - CAM
PLAQUE - Tissue Cx Monolayer Cx

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57
Q

Types of interferons

A

iF- cytokines (human proteins)
Host specific not virus 🦠 specific

Type 1 INF alpha and beta
2 INF gamma
3 no name

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58
Q

INF alfa - leukocytes

INF beta - fibroblasts

A

Innate immunity

Both TYPE 1

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59
Q

INF alpha and beta MOA

A 
Induces host cell 
⬇️
TIPS translational inhibition proteins 
⬇️
Aborts disease
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60
Q

Acquired immunity

A

5-7 days to develop Ab
⬇️
Activated T cells

INF gamma
Type 2

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61
Q

IgM disappears in

A

5-6 months

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62
Q 
INF Alfa and beta 
⬇️
Stimulate NK cells 
⬇️
INF gamma
A

🧗🏻‍♀️

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63
Q

Virus infects SPECIFIC bacteria

A

Bacteriophage via bacterial identification
C diph

Transduction

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64
Q

Phage cycles

A

Phage injects Nucleic acid
⬇️
1. Lysogenic
2. Lytic

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65
Q

NA of phage incorporated into bac
as prophage
⬇️
Bacteria has property of phage

A

Lysogenic conversion

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66
Q

12 Live vaccines

A

BCG, OPV, Rota and MMR

Small pox, Chicken pox, typhoid and cholera

Flavi😷: JE, Dengue FDA ❌, yellow fever, influenza (intranasal spray)

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67
Q

Culex (2)

A

JE

FILARIA

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68
Q

Quadrivalent
Penta
Hexa ?

A

Quad- DPT and Hib
Penta - DPT Hib and Hep B
Hexa - Rota

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69
Q

Aedes aegypticus > albopictus

A

Dengue
Yellow fever
Chikunguinia
Zika

70
Q 
Hep A 
Family 
Stability 
Enveloped 
Symmetry 
Genome 
Age 
Route 
IP 
Onset 
Complication 
Chronicity 
Carrier state  
Rx
A 
Family PICORNA 
Stability STABLE 
Enveloped NON 
Symmetry ICOSA 
Genome SS LINEAR NON SEGMENTED RNA 
Age YOUNG ADULTS AND CHILDREN 
Route FECO ORAL 
IP 15-45
Onset ACUTE  
Complication NO 
Chronicity NO 
Carrier state NO 
Rx SYMPTOMATIC
71
Q

Hep B

Family 
Stability 
Enveloped 
Symmetry 
Genome 
Age 
Route 
IP 
Onset 
Complication 
Chronicity 
Carrier state  
Rx
A 
Family HEPADNA 
Stability LABILE 
Enveloped ENVELOPED 
Symmetry ICOSA 
Genome DS DNA CURCULAR 
Age ALL AGES 
Route BBB
IP 3m 
Onset GRADUAL 
Complication YES/HCC
Chronicity YES 
Carrier state  YES Mc
Rx Peg INF and LAMI
72
Q

Hep C

Family 
Stability 
Enveloped 
Symmetry 
Genome 
Age 
Route 
IP 
Onset 
Complication 
Chronicity 
Carrier state  
Rx
A 
Family FLAVI 
Stability LABILE 
Enveloped ENVELOPED 
Symmetry ICOSA 
Genome SS LINEAR RNA 
Age ALL AGES 
Route BBB
IP 3m 
Onset GRADUAL
Complication CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
Chronicity YES 
Carrier state  YES 
Rx Protease inhibitors
73
Q

Hep D

Family 
Stability 
Enveloped 
Symmetry 
Genome 
Age 
Route 
IP 
Onset 
Complication 
Chronicity 
Carrier state  
Rx
A 
Family DELTA 
Stability LABILE 
Enveloped YES 
Symmetry HELICAL 
Genome SS LINEAR RNA 
Age ALL 
Route BBB
IP 3m
Onset GRADUAL 
Complication HCC 
Chronicity YES 
Carrier state  YES 
Rx hep B
74
Q

Hep E

Family 
Stability 
Enveloped 
Symmetry 
Genome 
Age 
Route 
IP 
Onset 
Complication 
Chronicity 
Carrier state  
Rx
A 
Family CALCI
Stability STABLE 
Enveloped NON 
Symmetry ICOSA
Genome SS LINEAR RNA 
Age YOUNG ADULTS 
Route FECO ORAL 
IP 1m 
Onset ABRUPT 
Complication NO 
Chronicity NO 
Carrier state  NO 
Rx SYMPTOMATIC
75
Q

Only cultivable Hep virus

76
Q

IOC for Hep A

A

IgM

Not PCR ❌ (Hep C ✅)

77
Q

S gene
P gene
X gene
C gene

A

S gene Pre S1 Pre s2 and S
P gene LARGEST
X gene HCC
C gene 🧬 Pre c and C

Pre c - HbEAg

78
Q

Spherical particle

A

HbSAg

Filamentous particle identical to this

79
Q

Dane particle

A

Hbsag ➕ hbeag ➕ hbcag

80
Q

Sero types of Hep B in India

A

Mc - adr and ayw

Others 
Adw 
Ayr 
Adr 
Ayw

Daw Ray dar way (the radar way)

81
Q

Qualitative and quantitative Hep B markers

A

Quality- Hbeag

Quantitative- hbv copy number

82
Q

1st to appear epi marker

83
Q

Easy to detect epi marker

A

Anti hbc IgM

84
Q

Hep B immunisation

85
Q

Mc indication of liver transplant

86
Q

HHV1

A

HSV 1

Above umbilicus - orofacial

87
Q

HHV 2

A

HSV 2
mc below umbilicus
70% genitals
Mc than HSV 1

88
Q

HHV 3

A

VZV
10% chicken pox
90% reactivation Herpes zoster/shingles

89
Q

HHV 4

90
Q

HHV 5

A

CMV
mc torCh
Mc post transplant

91
Q

HHV 6

A

HBLV
6th disease
Exanthema subutum

92
Q

HHV 7

93
Q

HHV 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

94
Q

Sporadic encephalitis
Temporal lobe
MOLLARET MENINGITIS
WHITLOW

95
Q

CNS # children
Resp tract # adults - pneumonia
Preg - Fetal varicella syndrome (lips 💋 hypoplasia)

A

Chicken pox

96
Q

No complication after which herpes

97
Q

Latency
HSV 1
2
VZV

A

HSV 1- orofacial so Trigeminal

HSV 2 - dorsal root or sacral ganglia

VZV - both
Trigeminal - herpes zoster or shingles
Geniculate - Ramsay hunt
Sacral

98
Q

Dx of herpes

A

Tzanck smear
⬇️
Multinucleate giant cells

99
Q

Preg mom infection with herpes 2-0-5 days peri partum Rx?

A

Baby
VZIG
VZV oka vaccine

100
Q

Atypical lymphocytosis

101
Q 
EBV receptors 
CD21
CR 2
LMP 1
EBNA 2
A

CR 2 - in infected cell

LMP and EBNA - malig transform

102
Q 
Nasopharyngeal CA 
Gastric CA 
Lymphoma 
Oral hairy leukoplakia
DUNCAN SYNDROME
A

LMP1 and EBNA 2
⬇️
EBV

103
Q

B cell lymphoma

A

Hodgkins
Burkitts
CNS lymphoma

104
Q

Heterophile Ab

Sharing epitopes of Ag of 2 diff virus (EBV and Sheep)

A

Paul bunnel test

105
Q

IMN/ atypical lymphocytes
Paul bunnel ➖
Mc post transplant
Mc immunocomp

106
Q

Small pox vaccine by ?

A

Edward Jenner

107
Q

Pearly white umbilicated lesion

A

Molluscum contagiosum
MCV1 mc
MCV 2 - STD
3,4

108
Q

Cervical cancer HPV

Genital warts

A

16, 18, 31,38,48

6,11

109
Q

Cervarix

Gardasil

A

Cervarix - 16.18

Gardasil- 6.11.16.18

0,2,6

110
Q

Adeno

RTI children

111
Q

Adeno 4,7

112
Q

Adeno 3,7,14

A

Acute follicular conjunctivitis

113
Q

Adeno 11,21

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

114
Q

Adeno 40,41

115
Q

Parvo

  • normal and healthy
  • immunocomp
  • preg
A

Normal -
Children - 5th disease (ery infectiosum)
Adults - Joints #

Immunocomp- Aplastic anemia, sickle cell, hemolysis

Preg - non immune hydrops

116
Q

Simian virus Chimpanzees
Central Africa CD-R Congo
More virulent

117
Q

Simian SOOTY MAGABAY
West Africa
Resistant to NNRTI

118
Q

Gag gene

A

P18 - shell 🐚
P24 - core
P15

119
Q

Pol gene

A

3 enzymes ♾
Polymerase
RT
Integrase

120
Q

Tat / tex HIV HTLV
Vpx HIV 2
Vpu HIV 1

Others vpr, vif, rev, nef.

A

Non structural genes

121
Q

HIV receptors

A

CD 4
Ccr5 - resistant to HIV
Cxcr4

122
Q

Sequence of HIV replication

A

RNA
DNA
DNA
RNA

123
Q

Acute IMN

Glandular fever, kissing disease

A

Acute hiv syndrome

124
Q

Opportunistic CNS hiv

A

Cryptococcosis meningitis

125
Q

Opp eye infection hiv

A

CMV retinitis mc

Candida endoph

126
Q

Oral hiv opp inf

A

Candidiasis mc

Hairy leukoplakia

127
Q

Window period 3w-3m no Ab in this stage. Tested via ?

A

Ag detection
P24
NA PCR

128
Q

Reservoir : Rats and squirrels 🐿
Amplifier - Monkeys
Vector - hard tick

129
Q 
Reservoir - birds ducks and heron 
Amplifier - Pig 
Vector - culex 
5-15 years
 <15 days
A

JE

Live - SA14142
Killed - Beijing and nakayama

130
Q

Iceberg phenomenon which virus 1:1000

131
Q

A aegypticus
Den 2 most virulent
1-5 5 strains

132
Q

Saddle back
Break bone 🍖 fever
Rash
LN pathy

A

Classical dengue fever

133
Q

Mechanism of complication
DHF
DSS

A

ADE
Ab dependent enhancement

Macrophage protects the new Ag that’s bound to old Ab

134
Q

Thrombocytopenia (<1 lakh)
Raised hematocrit (>20%)
Tourniquet test (>20)
Spontaneous bleeds

135
Q

Dengue
Most specific
Most sensitive
Most accurate(sensitive +Specific) 🏅 std

A

Most specific - NS1
Most sensitive MAC ELISA
Most accurate(sensitive +Specific) Neutralisation test

136
Q

Yellow fever
Congo CF
Zika

137
Q

Adult - Guillian barre

Baby - microcephalic

138
Q

Mutation in EI A 226 V

Dx - MAC ELISA

A

Chuckunginua

139
Q

German measles

FORSHEIMER SPOTS in soft palate

140
Q

Early CRS

Late CRS

A

Early - triad SNHL, PDA and SALT AND PEPPER

Late - no Cong. Only blue berry muffin rash

141
Q

Live mr strain

142
Q

Entero virus in picorna
⤵️
All cause aseptic meningitis 🧠

A 
Poilio 
Cocksackie a and b 
Echo 
Entero 70 
Hep A
143
Q

Entero virus 72

144
Q

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

A

Entero virus 70

145
Q

Picorna

Muscle diseases

A

Cocksackie B

146
Q

Picorna

Herp angina and Hand foot and mouth

A

Cocksackie A

147
Q

Wild - Type 1
VDPV - 2
VAPP - 3

148
Q

Earliest change in polio

A

Chromatolysis

Degen of nissl granules

149
Q

Polio
Mc muscle
1st muscle
Only muscle affected in hand

A

Mc muscle - Quadriceps
1st - tibialis anterior
Hand - opponens pollicis

150
Q

Herd immunity %?

151
Q

Cart wheel
3 layer capsid
11 segments ds RNA

A

Rota

Live oral - intussusception
Mc sero type - G1P8

152
Q

H1N1 - swine
H3N2 seasonal flu
H5N1 avian or bird flu MC

  • pandemic
  • pneumonia
A

Influenza A humans

153
Q

Rye syndrome
GI symptoms

Epidemic

A

Influenza B

154
Q

Endemic

No complications

A

Influenza c

155
Q

Ag Shift

A

Sudden change
⤵️
Genetic 🧬 recombination
PANDAMIC

156
Q

Ag Drift

A

GraDual change
⤵️
Point mutation
Endemic

157
Q

Gold std Dx influenza

A

Neutralisation

158
Q

Genetic recombination of 4 strains
2 swine
1 human
1 bird

A

Pandemic H1N1 strain

159
Q

Free from rabies

A

Australia
Andaman and Nicobar

All except MICE

160
Q

Never a viremia

A

Rabies
⤵️
Neurotropic (3mm/h)

161
Q 
Isolated from naturally infected person 
Pathogenic 
Encephalitis 
IP>1wk 
Negri bodies ➕Hippo and cerebellum
A

Street virus

Wild polio

162
Q

Serially intracerebral passage in rabbit 🐇
Non path
Encephalitis <1wk
No negri

A

Fixed virus

163
Q

Antemortem rabies Dx

Post mortem

A

Saliva parotid
Corneal smear
Skin form nape of neck
CSF

Post - brain bx

164
Q

Bleeding 🩸 in animal bite

A

Cat 3

Wound ➕ RIG ➕ ARV

165
Q

Cat 2

A

Wound ➕ ARV

166
Q

Adult sheep brain

Sucking mice brain

A

Neural ARV

167
Q

Egg based - duck/chick
Tissue Cx - primary chick embryo, HDCV, vero cell
Recombinant subunit

A

Non neural rabies

168
Q

Essen

A

IM
0.3.7.14.21/28
11111

169
Q

Thai Red Cross

A

ID
0.3.7.21/28
2222

170
Q

Pre ex Px

A

0.3.7.14.21/28

1-0-1-0-1

171
Q

Pre ➕ post ex Px

A

0.3.7.14.21/28

1-1-1-0-0

172
Q

Filamentous structure

Fruit bats

Neet Rank 8 (30 decks)

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