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P&E A2 > Virtue Ethics > Flashcards

Virtue Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vice?

A

Negative characteristic that suggests moral weakness or immorality

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2
Q

Doctrine of the mean(golden mean) means:

A

The desirable middle that is positioned between two extreme vice, one of deficiency (having too little of a virtue) and one of excess (having too much)

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3
Q

What is eudaimonia?

A

A contented state of being happy, healthy and prosperous. This is only possible if all of society is in the same state of contentment)

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4
Q

What is agent-centred?

A

Ethical approaches that are focuses on the development of the person rather than on the morality of what they are doing.

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5
Q

What is vice of deficiency?

A

Having too little of a virtue

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6
Q

What is vice of excess?

A

Having too much of a virtue.

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7
Q

What are subordinate aims?

A

These are the aims you have to achieve before you can move on to superior aims.

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8
Q

What are superior aims?

A

Aims that you can achieve after you have achieved the subordinate aims

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9
Q

Aristotle says there is three types of pleasure/happiness, what are they?

A
  • Pleasure seekers
  • Seekers of honour
  • Those who love contemplation
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10
Q

What are pleasure seekers?

A

People driven by their basic desires

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11
Q

What are seekers of honour?

A

These are people who try to find solutions to important problems and get a sense of honour from doing that.

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12
Q

What are those who love contemplation?

A

Philosophers and thinkers

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13
Q

How do you attempt to reach eudaimonia?

A

By practicing virtuous actions

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14
Q

Why is eudaimonia unrealistic?

A

Because society would have to reach it with you and it’s not likely that all of society will be able to reach it

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15
Q

What does Elizabeth Anscombe believe?

A

That we should return to an agent centred morality because of the fact action centred theories don’t provide moral guidelines, they just rely on punishment or reward to tell us what to do. Also we need to return to the idea of aiming towards achieving eudaimonia.

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16
Q

What does Phillipa foot believe?

A

We need to practise our virtues because we, as humans have a tendency to be selfish but we should practise these even though it doesn’t guarantee eudaimonia it does help move us towards it. But virtues are only virtuous when used in the correct way

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17
Q

What does Alasdair Macintyre believe?

A

He believes that ethical theories only lead to ethical disagreements. The shared practice of a community that helps us cultivate the virtues.
‘Any virtues which sustain the households and communities in which men and women seek for good together’

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18
Q

What does Richard Taylor believe?

A

He believes that we should aspire to eudaimonia but religion doesn’t encourage people to be virtuous. In the beatitudes it says ‘blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth’ why try and be virtuous when all you need to do is be patient and wait for excellence.

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19
Q

What does Rosalind Hurthouse believe?

A

Virtues assist our practical reasoning, enabling us to become better people. Therefore more virtuous people.

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20
Q

What does Michael slote believe?

A

He rejects the terms ‘good and ‘bad’ as they always need clarification. So he prefers the terms ‘admirable’ and ‘deplorable’
“An inner trait or disposition of the individual”

21
Q

What is a virtue?

A

Positive characteristics that suggests moral excellence or goodness (arête)

22
Q

Quote by Kant - “role models are…

A

‘Fatal to morality”

23
Q

Quote by John Hick - “virtues are better

A

hard won than ready made”

24
Q

Quote by James Keenan “who am I? What do I want…

A

to become? How do I get there?”

25
Q

Quote by Aristotle - “Virtue is concerned with…

A

emotions and activity of the soul in accordance with arête (virtue)”

26
Q

Quote by Aristotle - “One swallow does not

A

make a spring, so a short time does not make for a fortunate man”

27
Q

Does virtue ethics appeal to religious or secular morality?

A

Both

28
Q

Is it compatible with religious beliefs?

A

Yes

29
Q

Why is virtue ethics good when it comes to rules

A

There aren’t any

30
Q

What does this logical theory focus on?

A

Practical reasoning

31
Q

What does this theory encourage people to do?

A

Try and become better people

32
Q

What does Susan wolf say? And who can we quote to help us remember?

A

If everyone is virtuous then there will be no variety or excitement in the world. We need negative traits to see positive ones.
‘There is no light without a dark’ -Horace Slughorn

33
Q

What kind of attributes were Aristotles teachings aimed at?

A

Masculine attributes such as bravery

34
Q

How do we know when a virtue becomes a vice?

A

We don’t, this is a weakness because we don’t know when to stop this much of a virtue or do this virtue a little more.

35
Q

If courage is the virtue, what is the vice of deficiency?

A

Cowardice

36
Q

If courage is the virtue, what is the vice of excess?

A

Rashness

37
Q

If wittiness is the virtue, what is vice of deficiency?

A

Boorishness

38
Q

If wittiness is the virtue what is the vice of excess?

A

Buffoonery

39
Q

If modesty is the virtue, what is the vice of deficiency?

A

Shamelessness

40
Q

If modesty is the virtue, then what is the vice of excess?

A

Bashfulness

41
Q

If just resentment is the virtue, what is the vice of deficiency?

A

Callousness

42
Q

If just resentment is the virtue, what is the vice of excess?

A

Spiteful beds

43
Q

What is another word for the ‘supreme happiness’

A

Eudaimonia

44
Q

What are Plato’s 4 Cardinal virtues?

A

Temperance, courage, prudence and justice

45
Q

What are Aquinas’ three theological virtues?

A

Faith, hope and charity

46
Q

What did Aristotle think was the point in engaging in ethics?

A

To become good.
‘For we are enquiring not in order to know what virtue is but in order to become good since otherwise our enquiry would be of no use’ -Aristotle

47
Q

What is a rationalist?

A

Bases it on reason and logic(Plato) (Descartes)

48
Q

What is an empiricist?

A

Senses and experimentation (Aristotle is more an empiricist than Plato; Hume and Ayre are empiricists)

P&E A2 (5 decks)

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