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microbiology laboratory > Virtual Microscope (Terminologies) > Flashcards

Virtual Microscope (Terminologies) Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ is a specially-designed lens, with an iris-type aperture and is mounted under the stage, that moves vertically to adjust the beam of light entering the lens system. Changing the size of the iris and adjusting its position in relation to the stage controls the diameter and focal point of the cone of light as it passes through the specimen.

A

Abbe Condenser

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2
Q

The ____ are used to correct the bending or refraction of light as it passes through the prisms or lenses in the microscope. Each one has different indexes of refraction to realign certain colors of light at the focal point, resulting in a much clearer image.

A

Achromatic Lenses

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3
Q

The ____ is the area of the microscope between the tube and the base.

A

Arm

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4
Q

The ___ holds the microscope body, clamps to a table, and provides movement in three dimensions.

A

Articulated Arm

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5
Q

The ____ is the bottom support structure of the microscope.

A

Base

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6
Q

The ___ features a head with two eyepiece lenses, one eyepiece for each eye.

A

Binocular Head

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7
Q

The ____ is the main section of the microscope, minus the stand (base) or any illuminators.

A

Body

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8
Q

A _____ is an adapter for use with a video camera. In general, the lens from the camera is removed and replaced with an adapter which then connects to the trinocular port of the microscope.

A

C-Mount

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9
Q

The ____ is the larger of two adjustment knobs that moves the objective lenses closer to, or farther away from, the specimen in large steps.

A

Coarse Focus

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10
Q

The ____ features the coarse and fine focus knobs on a single rotation axis. With this setup, the coarse focus knob is generally larger and on the outside. The fine focus knob, however, is smaller and on the inside.

A

Coaxial Focus

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11
Q

The ____, mounted in or below the stage, focuses or condenses the light onto the specimen. It helps increase illumination and resolution.

A

Condenser Lens

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12
Q

____ is a circular opaque plate placed on the stage, used on low-power microscopes, and can be flipped between a white or black side depending on the coloration of the specimen.

A

Contrast Plate

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13
Q

A ____ is a very thin square of plastic or glass used to cover the specimen on a slide. With a liquid sample, it assists with single-plane focusing by flattening out the liquid.

A

Cover Slip

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14
Q

The ____ is a five-hole disc housed under the stage that adjusts the amount of light passing through the stage opening.

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

The ____ is a German standard for the manufacture of microscope lenses. It features a uniform thread and works with a 160mm tube length.

A

DIN Optics

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16
Q

The ____, used on microscopes with a binocular head, allows each eyepiece to be focused independently to compensate for the difference in vision between the two eyes.

A

Diopter Adjustment

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17
Q

The ____, generally found on high-power microscopes, features a single eyepiece on one side and an additional eyepiece on the top or opposite side. It is useful for the teachers to verify a student’s view and can also be used for video or camera work.

A

Dual Head

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18
Q

The ____, also known as ocular lenses, are typically 10x, and also in 5x, 15x, and 20x varieties. They are what you look through to see a specimen.

A

Eyepiece Lenses

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19
Q

____ is the smaller of two adjustment knobs that moves the objective lense closer to, or farther away from, the specimen in very small steps.

A

Fine Focus

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20
Q

The ____ is the diameter of light visible when looking into the eyepiece lens. It is measured by placing a clear metric ruler on the stage and counting the millimeters across from side to side. For example, a 40x objective averages about 4.5mm, whereas 1000x averages about 0.18mm.

A

Field of View (FOV)

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21
Q

If to increase the lens power, will the FOV become smaller or bigger?

A

An increasing lens power equals to a smaller FOV.

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22
Q

A ____ is a type of stand used for low-power microscopes where the arm and body are integral parts and fixed firmly to the base.

A

Fixed Arm

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23
Q

___ is a method by which the specimen’s distance to the objective lens is adjusted to provide a sharp image. The adjustment will either be made by moving the stage or moving the tubes.

A

Focus

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24
Q

The ____, the upper portion of the microscope, contains the eyepiece tube or tubes and prisms.

  1. Monocular (one eyepiece)
  2. Binocular (two eyepieces)
  3. Dual (two singular eyepieces)
  4. Trinocular (two eyepieces with a third one, used for a camera)
A

Head

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25
Q

____ is a light source mounted underneath the stage that commonly uses one of three types of lights:

  1. tungsten - most common; cheapest
  2. fluorescent - runs cool; provides a bright white light
  3. halogen - very bright and white; gives off heat like tungsten
A

Illuminator

26
Q

An ____ is used exclusively with a 100x or higher objective lens, typically at 1000x total power. It acts a bridge between the glass lense and the glass slide, concentrating the path of light to increase the resolution of an image.

A

Immersion Oil

27
Q

____ features a rotating arms pivot point that can be adjusted for more comfortable viewing. The downside is wet samples may run off the slide.

A

Inclination Joint

28
Q

The ____ allows the distance between the eyepiece lenses, found on stereo or binocular microscopes, to be set either closer or farther apart for more comfortable viewing.

A

Interpupillary Adjustment

29
Q

The ____ is a slide holder featuring two knobs that allow the slide position to be adjusted forward or backward and from side to side. This is most useful when dealing with moving specimens like protozoans.

A

Mechanical Stage

30
Q

____ is the metric linear measurement used for microscopy. At 1000 microns per millimeter, a 1.8 mm long specimen can be expressed as 1,800 microns/micrometers long.

A

Micrometer

31
Q

The ____ is a reflective surface that directs light through the opening in the stage to illuminate a specimen.

A

Mirror

32
Q

A ___ features a single eyepiece lens.

A

Monocular Head

33
Q

A ____ holds the objective lenses. Rotating allows the objective lens to be switched.

A

Nosepiece/Revolving Nosepiece/Turret

34
Q

The ____ is an expression of the lens’ ability to resolve fine detail in the observed object.

A

Numerical Aperture (NA)

35
Q

The ____ is the lens closest to the object being viewed.

A

Objective Lens

36
Q

The ____ is designed to work with a drop of immersion oil placed on the slide to increase the resolution of the lens.

A

Oil Immersion Lens

37
Q

The ___ controls the power to the microscope.

A

On/Off Switch

38
Q

A microscope calibrated this way will maintain the specimen in the center of the view when the objective lens is rotated.

A

Parcentered

39
Q

A microscope calibrated this way will maintain the specimen in focus when the objective lens is rotated.

A

Parfocal

40
Q

Some microscopes feature a ____ that is visible when looking through the eyepiece lens. This can be rotated by turning the eyepieces around.

A

Pointer

41
Q

A ____, typically used with low-power microscopes, features a single post attached to the base allowing the body of the microscope to be rotated or adjusted vertically.

A

Post Stand

42
Q

____ is a lens system’s ability to resolve fine details of the observed object.

A

Resolution

43
Q

A ____ is a special grid pattern that is inserted into the eyepiece lens for taking measurements of objects seen through the microscope.

A

Reticle

44
Q

A ____ holds the objective lenses.

A

Revolving Nosepiece

45
Q

A ___ is a separate light connected to the microscope body that produces a ring of light.

A

Ring Light

46
Q

A ___ is a type of lens that improves image quality by presenting a sharper image with less distortion in the perimeter of the field of view or FOV. It provides better image quality than standard achromatic lenses but is also more expensive.

A

Semi-Plan Lens

47
Q

A ___ is a rectangular plate, made of either glass or plastic, used to hold a specimen.

A

Slide

48
Q

A ___ is a mechanical device that prevents gear damage to the microscope when the focus adjustment reaches its maximum travel.

A

Slip Clutch

49
Q

The ___ is the main, flat surface that holds the slides for observation.

A

Stage

50
Q

The ____ is a mechanical stage that allows for adjustment of the slide position forward, backward, and left or right.

A

Stage Adjustment Knob

51
Q

The ____ are used to hold a slide in place.

A

Stage Clips

52
Q

The ____, found on low-power microscopes, is a frosted circular glass plate that fits in over the lower illuminator.

A

Stage Plate

53
Q

The ____, for lower-power microscopes, has three types of connections between the microscope body and the base: Post Stand, Fixed Arm, and the Universal Stand.

A

Stand

54
Q

____ refers to when using two objectives slightly offset, the image is presented in 3D.

A

Stereo

55
Q

____ is located directly below the stage itself.

A

Sub-Stage

56
Q

The ____ is useful for attaching still cameras to the microscope.

A

T-Mount

57
Q

The ___ is a factory adjustment of the focusing mechanism that makes the microscope easy to focus, but tight enough to prevent the stage from drifting due to the weight of the stage or tube.

A

Tension Adjustment

58
Q

The ___ features two eyepieces for viewing and a third for attaching a camera.

A

Trinocular Head

59
Q

The ____ is a long, boom-type arm that is used to support a (lower-power) microscope body.

A

Universal Stand

60
Q

The ____ offer a broader FOV when viewing a specimen.

A

Widefield Eyepiece Lenses

61
Q

The ____ represents the magnification factor of a lense or view.

A

X

62
Q

The ____ represents the magnification of the lens (X) while the R stands for retractable. It contains a spring-loaded mechanism that allows them to telescope inward to prevent damage to the lens and slide in case of slide contact.

A

XR

microbiology laboratory (4 decks)

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