Virology Fundamentals

Question 1

Baltimore group I classification

Answer 1

DS DNA viruses

Question 2

Baltimore group II classification

Answer 2

SS (+/-) DNA viruses

Question 3

Baltimore group III classification

Answer 3

DS RNA viruses

Question 4

Baltimore group IV classification

Answer 4

SS (+) RNA viruses

Question 5

Baltimore group V classification

Answer 5

SS (-) RNA viruses

Question 6

Baltimore group VI classification

Answer 6

SS (+) RNA RT viruses

Question 7

Baltimore group VII classification

Answer 7

pDS DNA RT viruses

Question 8

Baltimore group I viral families (4)

Answer 8

Herpes, Papoma (polyoma and papiloma), Adeno, Pox

Question 9

Baltimore group II Viral families (1)

Answer 9

Parvo

Adenovirus-associated virus

Question 10

Baltimore group III Viral families (1)

Answer 10

Reoviridae (Rotavirus)
Double stranded RNA
Replication in cytoplasm

Question 11

Baltimore group IV viral families (6)

Answer 11

Calico, Picorna, Hepe (Non-ENV)
Toga, Flavi, Corona (ENV)

Question 12

Baltimore group V viral families (6)

Answer 12

Filo, Bunya, Arena (Lassa, Junin) Rhabdo, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (Measles, mumps, PIV)

Negative sense RNA single strand

Question 13

Baltimore group VI viral families (1)

Answer 13

Retro

Question 14

Baltimore group VII viral families (1)

Answer 14

Hepadna

Question 15

Name 3 enveloped DNA viral families

Answer 15

Herpes, Pox, hepadna

Question 16

Name 3 non enveloped DNA viral families

Answer 16

Adeno, Papoma, Parvo.

Question 17

Which viral family has a complex capsid

Answer 17

Pox

Question 18

Name 3 viral families with circular DNA

Answer 18

Papilloma, polyoma and Hepadna

Papilloma and polyoma are non enveloped
Hepadna (hbv is partially double stranded, enveloped)

Question 19

Which Baltimore groups contain DNA viruses

Answer 19

I, II, VII

Question 20

Which Baltimore groups contain RNA viruses

Answer 20

III, IV, V, VI

Question 21

Do any DNA viruses have helical capsids?

Answer 21

No, most are icosahedral, Pox is complex.

Question 22

This DNA virus contains repeated sequences and has a hairpin structure at one end

Answer 22

Parvovirus

Question 23

This linear dsDNA virus has two unique sequences flanked by reiterated sequences

Answer 23

Herpes

Question 24

This DS-DNA virus contains covalently closed circular DNA in a superhelix

Answer 24

Papoviridae

(includes papilloma and polyomavirus

60nm

Icosohedral
No envelope

Question 25

This linear DS-DNA virus has inverted terminal repeats and a covalently bound protein

Answer 25

Adeno

Question 26

This linear DS-DNA virus has and x-linled genome, both ends are covalently closed and it contains inverted terminal repeats

Answer 26

Pox Poxviruses replicate in discrete factories in the cytoplasm. Their double-stranded DNA genomes, which encode proteins for DNA replication, are linked at the ends, forming one continuous polynucleotide chain

Question 27

These RNA Viruses have helical capsids (7)

Answer 27

Corona (IV) Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V)

Question 28

These RNA viruses have Icosahedral capsids (7)

Answer 28

Reo (III) Flavi, Toga, Hepe, Calico, Picorna, (IV) Retro (VI)

Question 29

Name 5 non enveloped RNA viral families (CHAPS is acronym fir the group 4)

Answer 29

Reo (III) Calico, Picorna, Hepe (IV), Astro

Question 30

Name 10 enveloped RNA families

Answer 30

Toga, Flavi, Corona (IV) Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V) Retro (VI)

Question 31

Are RNA viral genomes typically linear or circular?

Answer 31

Linear, no circular.

Question 32

Virion polymerase is required for replication is some viruses (mostly those with cytoplasmic replication cycles). Name 10 viral families with virion polymerase.

Answer 32

Pox (I) Reo (III) Rhabdo, Filo, Bunya, Arena, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo (V) Retro (VI) Hepadna (VII)

Question 33

Viral family with 10-18 segmented genome.

Answer 33

Reo

Question 34

Most RNA viruses use 3′ end cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) to aid the exit from the nucleus. Which RNA viral family doesn't?

Answer 34

Flavi (IV) Except for a few of the tick-borne flaviviruses the 3′-end is not polyadenylated—instead there is a 3′-hairpin loop

Question 35

These 2 RNA virus families have VPg linked genomes and proteins attached at the 5' end.

Answer 35

Calico and Picorna (IV)

Question 36

This RNA virus family is tri-segmented with ambisense coding

Answer 36

Bunya (V)

Question 37

This RNA virus family is bi-segmented with ambisense coding

Answer 37

Arena

Question 38

This RNA virus family is has 7-8 segments and sequesters host 3' cap from host pre-mRNA

Answer 38

Orthomyxo

Question 39

This viral family had a diploid genome (contains 2 copies)

Answer 39

Retro

Question 40

Which virus replicates via a double rolling RNA syntheseis

Answer 40

HDV Encodes a single structural protein Small protein for viral replication and Large protein (promotes packaging of mature virions) C-terminus: facilitated by an isoprenoid prosthetic side chain covalently bound to its C-terminus

Question 41

With regards to HIV, what do the following Env, Pol, gag

Answer 41

Env: encodes envelope proteins for cell entry and tropism Pol: encodes reverse transcriptase and integrase Gag: viral structural proteins Retroviruses are a family of viruses, the common feature of which is the use of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert viral RNA into proviral DNA within infected/transduced host cells. Another viral enzyme, integrase, then integrates the proviral DNA into the host cell’s genome. Host cell molecular machinery then expresses this proviral DNA to produce new viruses that can infect other cells

Question 42

Enterovirus D 68 is easily detectable is poop. T/F?

Answer 42

False D68 is acid labile, unlike other enteroviruses is rarely detected in stool

Question 43

List 4 families of viruses that cause VHF

Answer 43

Arenaviruses Filoviruses Bunyavirus Flavivirus

Question 44

What baltimore groups is adeno virus associated virus

Answer 44

It is a ssDNA, group 2, parvovirus

Question 45

What baltimore group is torque tenovirus

Answer 45

ssDNA , group 2

Question 46

What virus family is adeno-associated virus

Answer 46

Parvoviridae Baltimore Group 2: others in group are bocapovirus, parvo

Question 47

What is RNase H

Answer 47

a ubiquitous enzyme that degrades the RNA strand of an RNA–DNA duplex

Question 48

Functions of reverse transcriptase

Answer 48

RT is a multifunctional enzyme possessing each of RNA and DNA polymerase activities as well as an RNase H activity and is responsible for converting the single-stranded viral RNA genome into dsDNA. which becomes integrated into host cell DNA RNase H degrades RNA Inhibited by NNRTI and NRTI and NRTTI NRTI: act as competitive inhibitors and cause chain termination of the growing viral DNA chain (need phosphorylation step) NNRTI: non-competitive binding of the NNRTI to the reverse transcriptase and the creation of a hydrophobic pocket proximal to the active site. This pocket creates a new spatial configuration of the substrate-binding site to reduce the overall polymerase activity. By creating a different configuration, DNA synthesis becomes slowed overall. Because of the non-competitive inhibitor action of NNRTI, it is not effective against HIV-2 reverse transcriptase

Question 49

Receptor for HSV-1

Answer 49

Heparin Sulphate Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry. Present on most cells Replication by host RNA polymerase II Latency in nerve ganglia

Question 50

Which virus uses GM1 ganglioside receptor

Answer 50

SV40

Question 51

DC-SIGN receptor

Answer 51

HHv8

Question 52

CAR Integrin avß3 or ayßs receptors

Answer 52

Adenovirus

Question 53

CD155 receptor

Answer 53

poliovirus

Question 54

SLAM CD150

Answer 54

Measles

Question 55

Which receptor P- antigen

Answer 55

Parvo B19 Erthrocyte progenitor, endothelial and fetal myocytes, placental trophoblasts

Question 56

What is syncytia

Answer 56

Syncytia result from the fusion of an infected cell with neighboring cells, leading to the formation of multinucleated, enlarged cells. This process is triggered by the surface expression of viral fusion proteins that are fusogenic directly at the host cell membrane. Syncytia can only arise with viruses that are able to fuse directly at the cell surface without requiring endocytosis.