Virology Flashcards
Diagnosis of Rhinoviruses
Film array RT-PCR assay
Chikugunya Virus Genetic information
+ssRNA, enveloped
Long term consequences of West Nile Virus
Immunity or death (more neurologic disease in the elderly)
Basics of pathogenesis of Poliovirus
Vireia, invasion of the CNS, Lytic destruction of anterior horn cells
Vaccines and treatments for Parvovirus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Intravenous Ig for aplastic crisis in immunocompromised patients
Diagnosis of Helpes Siplex Virus II
Clinical presentation, PCR of infected tissue, culture virus from lesion
Vaccines and treatments for Hepatitis B Virus
Vaccine: Subunit vaccine; Anti-viral therapy: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Long term consequences of Rotavirus
Short-term immunity, less severe reinfection
Major disease associated with Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis (developing world)
Vaccines and treatments for Rotavirus
Vaccine: Rotateq and Rotaric; Anti-viral therapy: None
Long term consequences of D68
Long-lived protective immunity
Transmission of HIV
Mother-to-child, transfusion, IV drug abuse, sexual
Diagnosis of Mumps Virus
Clinical , confirmed by serology or sequencing performed by public health department
Major disease associated with Ebolavirus
Hemorrhagic fever
Long term consequences of Cytomegalovirus
Latent infection with life-long shedding of virus, Sequelae in neonates
Major disease associated with Yellow Fever Virus
Yellow Fever
Transmission of Yellow Fever Virus
Mosquito bite (w/ urban cycle)
Vaccines and treatments for Hepatitis C virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Direct acting anti-virals (DAAs)
Vaccines and treatments for Chikugunya Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Rubella Virus
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia, rash
Basics of pathogenesis of Parainfluenza Virus
Local replication in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
Transmission of Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Tick bite
Long term consequences of Molluscum Contagiosum
Long-term immunity, persistant in AIDS patients
Coxsackie Virus Genetic information
+ss RNA
Basics of pathogenesis of Molluscum Contagiosum
Painless lesions that take months to resolve
Basics of pathogenesis of Rotavirus
Local replication, enterotoxin production
Parainfluenza Virus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Basics of pathogenesis of West Nile Virus
Viremia, CNS infection
Transmission of Influenza virus
Respiratory
Basics of pathogenesis of Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Verimia, inflamation and rash, recovery
Major disease associated with Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis
Major disease associated with HIV
Progress to AIDS
Diagnosis of Hepatitis E virus
Serology or RT-PCR by the public health department
Transmission of Dengue Virus
Mosquito bite
Long term consequences of Hantavirus
Long-term immunity and latency
Long term consequences of Poliovirus
Long-lived protective immunity or paralysis
Diagnosis of Measles Virus
Clinical , confirmed by serology or sequencing performed by public health department
Diagnosis of Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Serology by the public health department
Basics of pathogenesis of Smallpox virus
Viremia and rash
Diagnosis of Ebolavirus
RT-PCR from sera
Transmission of Helpes Siplex Virus II
Contact
Hepatitis B Virus Genetic information
Partial dsDNA, enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Yellow Fever Virus
Viremia, extensive replication and cell death in the liver
Long term consequences of Chikugunya Virus
Polyarthralgia can last weeks or months; recovery
Diagnosis of St Louis Encephalitis virus
RT-PCR and serology
Vaccines and treatments for Poliovirus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated oral and killed-virus injection; Anti-viral therapy: None
Major disease associated with Hepatitis Delta virus
Fulminant Hepatitis
Transmission of Mumps Virus
Respiratory (before the Parotitis)
Transmission of Coxsackie Virus
Fecal-oral
Long term consequences of HIV
Suseptability to oppertunistic infections, progression to AIDS, death
Basics of pathogenesis of Influenza virus
Local replication in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
Major disease associated with Cytomegalovirus
Post-transplant pneumonia, Neonatal CMV
Helpes Siplex Virus II Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for Human Herpes Virus 8
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Chikugunya Virus
Insect vector
Basics of pathogenesis of Noroviruses
Lysis and shedding of epithelial cells
Basics of pathogenesis of Varicella-Zostar Virus
Replicates in respiratory epithelium, viremia, rash, latent in dorsal root ganglia, reaccurence as shingles can occur
Basics of pathogenesis of D68
Viremia leading to respiratory tract infection
Hepatitis E virus Genetic information
+RNA
Long term consequences of Hepatitis C virus
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Vaccines and treatments for Rubella Virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated vaccine, MMR; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Cytomegalovirus
Infects epithelium, cell proliferation, latency in Tc ells, macrophages, and other cells, sporadic shedding
Hepatitis Delta virus Genetic information
ss RNA viroid, enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for Hepatitis E virus
Vaccine: None (in trials); Anti-viral therapy: None
Diagnosis of Hepatitis Delta virus
Serology by antibody capture
Basics of pathogenesis of Rabies Virus
Replication in muscle, spread from nerves to brain
Major disease associated with Helpes Siplex Virus II
Genital lesions, Neonatal Herpes
Vaccines and treatments for Yellow Fever Virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Rubella Virus
Respiratory, Mother to Fetus
Long term consequences of Varicella-Zostar Virus
Latent infection with reacurrence as shingles
Yellow Fever Virus Genetic information
+ss RNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus
Monospot (heterophile Ab) and/or serology for IgM to VCA
Major disease associated with Rubella Virus
“German Measles”
Long term consequences of Coxsackie Virus
Long-lived protective immunity
Long term consequences of Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Diagnosis of Noroviruses
RT-PCR by film array
Transmission of EEE, WEE, and VEE
Mosquito bite
Vaccines and treatments for Hantavirus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Epstein-Barr Virus Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Long term consequences of Coronavirus
Pandemic potential of emerging viruses like SARS and MERS, type specific immunity
Noroviruses Genetic information
+ss RNA
Major disease associated with Epstein-Barr Virus
Infectious mononucleosis
Long term consequences of Mumps Virus
Long-term immunity
Rhinoviruses Genetic information
+ RNA
Diagnosis of Varicella-Zostar Virus
Clinical presentation
West Nile Virus Genetic information
+ssRNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of Hepatitis C virus
RT-PCR, sequencing for genotype, serology
Basics of pathogenesis of Adenoviruses
Replication in epithelial cless, viremia
Transmission of Smallpox virus
Respiratory
Transmission of Poliovirus
Fecal-oral
Long term consequences of Rabies Virus
Immunity or Death
Poliovirus Genetic information
+ss RNA
Major disease associated with Hantavirus
Pulmonary syndrome
Diagnosis of Parainfluenza Virus
Clinical diagnosis or RT-PCR
Long term consequences of California Encephalitis Virus
Long-term immunity
Major disease associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Severe lower respiratory tract infection in children
Basics of pathogenesis of Papilloma Virus
Virus production associated with cell differentiation
Diagnosis of West Nile Virus
RT-PCR and serology
Major disease associated with Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Fever and rash
Diagnosis of Yellow Fever Virus
Clinical diagnosis, confirmation by serology by public health department
Major disease associated with St Louis Encephalitis virus
Encephalitis
Vaccines and treatments for EEE, WEE, and VEE
Vaccine: For horses only; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Respiratory
Major disease associated with Parvovirus
Erythema Infectiosums (Fifth Disease)
Hepatitis C virus Genetic information
+ssRNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of D68
PCR and/or isolate virus and culture for cytopathic effect
Transmission of Cytomegalovirus
Contact: salivia, secretions, mother to newborn
HIV Genetic information
+RNA Lentivirus
Herpes Simplex Virus I Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Major disease associated with Rhinoviruses
Common cold
Long term consequences of Yellow Fever Virus
Long-term immunity or death
Basics of pathogenesis of EEE, WEE, and VEE
Viremia, CNS infection
Major disease associated with Human Herpes Virus 8
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Vaccines and treatments for Smallpox virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated; Anti-viral therapy: None
Major disease associated with Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Roseola/ exanthem subitum
Long term consequences of Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Latent infection
Major disease associated with Rotavirus
Diarrhea
Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Film array RT-PCR assay
Vaccines and treatments for Noroviruses
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Vaccines and treatments for Ebolavirus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Supportive care, Non-FDA approved specific antibodies
Vaccines and treatments for Cytomegalovirus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Ganciclovir or Letermovir
Major disease associated with D68
Respiratory Infection
Diagnosis of Dengue Virus
ELISA for NS1, serology or RT-PCR
Human Herpes Virus 8 Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Cytomegalovirus Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of Rabies Virus
Detection of viral antigens in the brain; RT-PCR for genotype
Basics of pathogenesis of Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Sudden onset of fever, fever resolves, THEN red rash appears, latency in T cells
Major disease associated with Mumps Virus
Mumps
Coronavirus Genetic information
+ssRNA
Major disease associated with Herpes Simplex Virus I
Cold sores/Encephalitis
Long term consequences of Hepatitis E virus
Long-lived immunity; high mortality during pregnancy
Diagnosis of Adenoviruses
Film array PCR
Basics of pathogenesis of Ebolavirus
Viremia, replication in all cells, cell death, organ failure
Vaccines and treatments for Influenza virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated and killed-virus; Anti-viral therapy: Amantidine or Neuraminidase inhibitors
Major disease associated with Coxsackie Virus
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Transmission of Epstein-Barr Virus
Respiratory, Salivia
Basics of pathogenesis of Mumps Virus
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia, targeting parotid gland
Molluscum Contagiosum Genetic information
DNA enveloped
Basics of pathogenesis of California Encephalitis Virus
Viremia, CNS infection
Influenza virus Genetic information
-RNA, segmented, enveloped
Diagnosis of Human Herpes Virus 8
Clinical presentation and PCR
Vaccines and treatments for Hepatitis Delta virus
Vaccine: HBV subunit vaccine; Anti-viral therapy: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Vaccines and treatments for Rhinoviruses
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Major disease associated with Poliovirus
Poliomyelitis
Major disease associated with Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis
Major disease associated with Adenoviruses
Multiple UR syndromes, conjunctivitis
Long term consequences of Rubella Virus
Long-term immunity, Congenital Rubella syndrome
Long term consequences of Influenza virus
Annual reinfection due to antigenic shift and drift
Long term consequences of Adenoviruses
Long-term immunity
Rotavirus Genetic information
DS segmented RNA
Basics of pathogenesis of St Louis Encephalitis virus
Viremia, CNS infection
Vaccines and treatments for Varicella-Zostar Virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated ; Anti-viral therapy: Acyclovir
Transmission of D68
Respiratory and contact with contaminated surfaces
Diagnosis of Parvovirus
Clinical diagnosis/ Serology or PCR of serum from aplastic crisis
Diagnosis of EEE, WEE, and VEE
Serology or RT-PCR by the public health department
Basics of pathogenesis of Hepatitis C virus
Viremia, targeting of the liver, persistant infection
Smallpox virus Genetic information
DNA enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for West Nile Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Helpes Siplex Virus II
Replicates in epithelia, latent in sacral ganglia, reactivation
Transmission of Hepatitis E virus
Fecal-oral
Transmission of Hepatitis Delta virus
Mother-to-child, transfusion, IV drug abuse, sexual
Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus
Serology by antibody capture
Long term consequences of Rhinoviruses
Type-specific immunity
Basics of pathogenesis of Chikugunya Virus
Viremia, polyarthralgia, rash
Long term consequences of Herpes Simplex Virus I
Latent infection with recurrence
Long term consequences of Ebolavirus
Long-term immunity, persistnat infection, or death
Major disease associated with Influenza virus
“The Flu”
Diagnosis of Papilloma Virus
Clincical presentation, Hybridization (Pap smear)
Long term consequences of Helpes Siplex Virus II
Latent infection with recurrence, Neonatal death or neurological impairment or death
Vaccines and treatments for Molluscum Contagiosum
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Vaccines and treatments for Adenoviruses
Vaccine: Live-attenuated (military only); Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of St Louis Encephalitis virus
Mosquito bite
Long term consequences of Hepatitis A Virus
Long-lived protective immunity
Long term consequences of Smallpox virus
Eradicated! Candidate vaccine vector
Basics of pathogenesis of Dengue Virus
Immunopthogenesis causing fever and rash
Vaccines and treatments for HIV
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: HAART: multiple RT-inhibitors and protease inhibitors
Transmission of Parvovirus
Respiratory
Vaccines and treatments for Herpes Simplex Virus I
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Acyclovir and Priteliver
Basics of pathogenesis of Coronavirus
Local replication and cell death
Ebolavirus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Colorado Tick Fever Virus Genetic information
DS segmented RNA
Diagnosis of Chikugunya Virus
Serology or RT-PCR by the public health department
Basics of pathogenesis of Measles Virus
Replication in respiratory tract, viremia, rash
Varicella-Zostar Virus Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of Poliovirus
Sequencing by RT-PCR by the CDC
St Louis Encephalitis virus Genetic information
+ssRNA, enveloped
Transmission of Molluscum Contagiosum
Contact
Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus I
Contact
Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus
Fecal-oral
Basics of pathogenesis of Parvovirus
Replicates in Erythroid precursor nuclei
Vaccines and treatments for California Encephalitis Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus
Mother-to-child, transfusion, IV drug abuse, sexual
Vaccines and treatments for D68
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Pleconaril (severe cases)
Major disease associated with Varicella-Zostar Virus
Chicken pox/ Shingles
Major disease associated with West Nile Virus
Encephalitis, meningitis
Transmission of Adenoviruses
Respiratory
Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum
Clinical diagnosis from pearl-like lesions
Vaccines and treatments for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Vaccine: Preventative monoclonal antibody, Palivizumab; Anti-viral therapy: None
Mumps Virus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Major disease associated with Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis
Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus
IgM Serology by antibody capture
Transmission of Papilloma Virus
Contact
Long term consequences of EEE, WEE, and VEE
Long-term immunity or death
Long term consequences of Noroviruses
Type specific immunity
Hantavirus Genetic information
-/+ segmented RNA, enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for Hepatitis A Virus
Vaccine: Killed-virus; Anti-viral therapy: Vaccine during prodrone period of infection
Vaccines and treatments for Mumps Virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated vaccine, MMR; Anti-viral therapy: None
Vaccines and treatments for Epstein-Barr Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Vaccines and treatments for Rabies Virus
Vaccine: Killed-virus; Anti-viral therapy: Anti-rabies Ig post exposure, no therapy on onset
Vaccines and treatments for Measles Virus
Vaccine: Live-attenuated vaccine, MMR, with boosters; Anti-viral therapy: None
EEE, WEE, and VEE Genetic information
+ssRNA, enveloped
Transmission of Rhinoviruses
Respiratory
Transmission of Rabies Virus
Bite or contact with secretions from racoon, skunk, or bat
Long term consequences of St Louis Encephalitis virus
Long-term immunity or death (rare)
Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Respiratory
Long term consequences of Measles Virus
Long-term immunity, rare SSPE
Rabies Virus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Major disease associated with Dengue Virus
Hemorrhagic fever/ Break bone fever
California Encephalitis Virus Genetic information
-/+ segmented RNA, enveloped
Major disease associated with Measles Virus
Measles
Parvovirus Genetic information
ssDNA
Transmission of Varicella-Zostar Virus
Respiratory
Diagnosis of HIV
Serology and confirmation by western blot; RT-PCR for viral load in response to HAART; sequencing to look for drug resistance
Diagnosis of Coxsackie Virus
Clinical diagnosis or RT-PCR
Major disease associated with Chikugunya Virus
Chikugunya fever, myalgias, arthralgias
Diagnosis of Influenza virus
Film array RT-PCR assay
Transmission of Noroviruses
Fecal-oral
Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus
PCR, Serology, Histology
Transmission of Hantavirus
Inhalation of secretions from infected animal
Vaccines and treatments for Coronavirus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Parainfluenza Virus
Respiratory
Transmission of Human Herpes Virus 8
Sexual contact
Long term consequences of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Short-term immunity, less severe reinfection
Major disease associated with Noroviruses
Diarrhea
Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus I
Clinical presentation, can PCR from infected tissue
Transmission of Measles Virus
Respiratory
Basics of pathogenesis of Human Herpes Virus 8
T cells control infection, activation occurs during immunosupression
Basics of pathogenesis of Hepatitis Delta virus
Co-infection with HBV, viremia, targeting of the liver, fulminant disease
Major disease associated with Coronavirus
Common cold, gastroenteritis, SARS, MERS
Dengue Virus Genetic information
+ss RNA
Vaccines and treatments for Parainfluenza Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Glucocorticoids for severe cases of Croup
Basics of pathogenesis of Hepatitis E virus
Viremia, targeting of the liver
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Diagnosis of Smallpox virus
Clinical diagnosis
Major disease associated with Rabies Virus
Rabies
Basics of pathogenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus I
Replicates in epithelia, latent in trigeminal ganglia, reactivation
Basics of pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Local replication in respiratory tract, necrosis of epithelial cells
Measles Virus Genetic information
-ss RNA, enveloped
Basics of pathogenesis of HIV
Depletion of CD4+ T cells
Basics of pathogenesis of Rhinoviruses
Lytic replication in the respiratory epithelium
Major disease associated with California Encephalitis Virus
Encephalitis
Hepatitis A Virus Genetic information
+ss RNA
Vaccines and treatments for Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Diagnosis of California Encephalitis Virus
Serology
Diagnosis of Hantavirus
Serology by the public health department
Long term consequences of Hepatitis Delta virus
Chronic Hepatitis or Death
Long term consequences of Dengue Virus
Antibody dependant enhancement of disease if infected with another serotype
Diagnosis of Rubella Virus
Serology
Major disease associated with Smallpox virus
Smallpox
Rubella Virus Genetic information
+ss RNA, enveloped
Transmission of West Nile Virus
Mosquito bite
Diagnosis of Rotavirus
Viral antigen in stool detected by EIA
Basics of pathogenesis of Hantavirus
Viral replication in respiratory tract, inflamation, pneumonia
Transmission of Ebolavirus
Direct contact with blood or body fluids
Long term consequences of Colorado Tick Fever Virus
Long-term immunity
Diagnosis of Coronavirus
Film array PCR
Long term consequences of Parvovirus
Long-term immunity
Transmission of California Encephalitis Virus
Mosquito bite
Long term consequences of Papilloma Virus
Type 16, 18, 31 Cervical Carcinoma
Vaccines and treatments for Helpes Siplex Virus II
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: Acyclovir and Priteliver
Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7 Genetic information
DNA, enveloped
Vaccines and treatments for St Louis Encephalitis virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Transmission of Coronavirus
Respiratory, fecal-oral
Vaccines and treatments for Papilloma Virus
Vaccine: Virus-like particle vaccine; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus
Viremia, targeting of the liver, persists in cells
Transmission of Hepatitis C virus
Transfusion, IV drug abuse, contact with blood
Long term consequences of Epstein-Barr Virus
Latent infection with sporadic shedding, Burkitts lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Long term consequences of Parainfluenza Virus
Short-term immunity
Major disease associated with Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum
Transmission of Rotavirus
Fecal-oral
Vaccines and treatments for Coxsackie Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Papilloma Virus Genetic information
DNA
Basics of pathogenesis of Hepatitis A Virus
Viremia, target liver
Diagnosis of Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7
Clincical presentation
Adenoviruses Genetic information
DNA
Major disease associated with Parainfluenza Virus
Croup
Long term consequences of Human Herpes Virus 8
sarcoma lesions in AIDS patients unless treated with HAART
D68 Genetic information
+ss RNA
Basics of pathogenesis of Coxsackie Virus
Viremia, target skin, cell death
Vaccines and treatments for Dengue Virus
Vaccine: None; Anti-viral therapy: None
Basics of pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr Virus
Replicates and latent in B cells
Major disease associated with EEE, WEE, and VEE
Encephalitis
Major disease associated with Papilloma Virus
Warts, Cervical carcinoma