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ZMicrobiology > Virology EC > Flashcards

Virology EC Flashcards

1
Q

Recombination

A

Exchange of genes between two chromosomes (crossing over)

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2
Q

Reassortment

A

Exchanging segments in segmented genomes (flu virus)

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3
Q

Complementation

A

One virus makes nonfunctional protein, other virus makes a protein that serves both

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4
Q

Phenotypic mixing

A

Simultaneous infection of a cell by 2 viruses results in one virus being coated by the other.

Progeny will not have new coat because not coded for in genome.

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5
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

“Live! see SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMR” (+intranasal flu)

Smallpox
Yellow fever
Chickenpox (VZV)
Sabin's polio
MMR
Influenza (nasal)
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6
Q

Killed vaccines

A

“RIP Always”

Rubella
Influenza (injected)
Polio (Salk)
HAV

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7
Q

Recombinant vaccines

A

HBV (recombinant HBsAg)

HPV (types 6,11,16,18)

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8
Q

Positive stranded RNA viruses

A

“i went to a RETRO TOGA party, where i drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY (hepevirus) CALIfornia (calicivirus) PICkles (picornavirus)

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9
Q

Naked viral genome infectivity

A

dsDNA and + ssRNA

-ssRNA require polymerases in complete virion

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10
Q

Where do DNA and RNA viruses replicate?

A

DNA=nucleus (ex. pox)

RNA=cytoplasm (ex flu/retro)

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11
Q

Naked viruses

A

“give PAPP smears and CPR to a NAKED HEPpy”

Papilloma
Adeno
Picorna
Polyoma
Calci
Parvo
Reo
Hepe
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12
Q

What are the DNA viruses?

A

HHAPPPPy

Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyoma
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13
Q

HSV-1

A

Herpes labialis
Temporal lobe encephalitis

Latent in trigeminal ganglia

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14
Q

HSV-2

A 
Herpes genitalis (painful genital lesions)
Neonatal herpes

Latent in sacral ganglia

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15
Q

VZV

A

Chickenpox/Shingles
Encephalitis
Pneumonia

Latent in dorsal root/trigeminal ganglia

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16
Q

EBV

A

Mononucleosis
Burkitt’s/Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Fever, hepatospenomegaly, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

Atypical lymphocytes “hugging” RBCs reactive T cells (not infected B cells)

Latent in B cells

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17
Q

CMV

A

Congenital infection
Mononucleosis
Pneumonia
Retinitis

“owl eye inclusions”

Latent in mononuclear cells

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18
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola

High fevers
Seizures
Diffuse macular rash

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19
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV patients)

Sexual contact

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20
Q

HSV identification

A

“Tzanck heavens I don’t have herpes”

Tzanck test

PCR test of choice

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21
Q

Monospot test

A

Tests for EBV

Heterophile antibodies w/ agglutination of sheep/horse RBCs

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22
Q

Coltivirus

A

a Reovirus

causes Colorado tick fever

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23
Q

Rotavirus

A

“ROTAvirus= Right Out The Anus”

a Reovirus

Fatal diarrhea in children (villous destruction leads to decreased NA and K absorption)

During winter, day-care centers

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24
Q

What are the Picornaviruses?

A

PERCH

Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxackie
HAV
25
Q

Poliovirus

A

Affects nerves, paralysis

Salk (killed) or Sabin (live) vaccine

26
Q

Echovirus

A

Aseptic meningitis

27
Q

Rhinovirus

A

Common cold

Acid labile (destroyed by stomach)

28
Q

Coxsackievirus

A

Hand foot and mouth disease
Aseptic meningitis
Herpangina (Mouth blisters, fever)
Myocarditis

29
Q

Norovirus

A

Gastroenteritis

30
Q

Yellow fever

A

Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito

High fever, Jaundice, Block vomit

31
Q

Flaviviruses

A 
HCV
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis encephalitis 
West nile
32
Q

Rubella virus

A

Togavirus

Fever
Postauricular adenopathy
Lymphadenopathy
Arthralgias 
Truncal rash starts at head and moves down

ToRCHeS infection

33
Q

Coronavirus

A

Common cold

34
Q

Parainfluenza

A

Paramyxovirus

Croup “Seal-like” barking cough

35
Q

RSV

A

Bronchiolitis in babies

36
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A

PaRaMyxovirus

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps

All contain F-protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

37
Q

Measles

A

Koplik spots in mouth
Descending maculopappular rash
Encephalitis
Giant cell pneumonia

Rash spreads from head to toe and includes hands and feet (dif. from rubella)

38
Q

Mumps

A

Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis

39
Q

Rabies

A

Bullet Shaped
NEGRI BODIES in purkinje cells of cerebellum

Migrate up to CNS via retrograde transport up axons

Agitation –> photophobia –> hydrophobia –> paralysis –> coma –> death

Skunk, bat, raccoon

40
Q

Which hepatitis viruses are fecal-oral

A

hAv and hEv

“the VOWELS hit your BOWELS”

Naked viruses do not rely on envelope so are not destroyed by the gut

41
Q

HAV

A

Asymptomatic (usually)
Acute
Alone (no one carries)

Fecal-oral RNA picorna

Incubation: Short

42
Q

HBV

A

Parentral, Sexual, Maternal-fetal

Has own DNA-dependent polymerase that makes full double stranded DNA
Host makes proteins from this DNA
Integrates into host genome (acts as oncogene)

Incubation: Long

43
Q

HCV

A

Chronic
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Carrier

Primarily blood (IV drug use, post-transfusion [before 1992])

Incubation: Long

44
Q

HDV

A

Defective virus
Dependent on HBV

Parentral, sexual, maternal-fetal

Superinfection if already infected with HBV
Long term if co-infected with HBV/HDV

45
Q

HEV

A

Enteric
Expectant mothers (high mortality)
Epidemic

Waterborne epidemics

Incubation: Short

46
Q

Anti-HAV IgM

A

active hep A

47
Q

Anti HAV IgG

A

Prior HAV infection/immunization (protective)

48
Q

HBsAg

A

Active hep B

Anti-HBs= immunity

49
Q

HBeAg

A

High infectivity w/ active infection

Anti-HBe = low infectivity

50
Q

Acute HBV markers

A

HBsAg

HBeAg

HBc (IgM)

51
Q

Window period of HBV infection markers

A

anti-HBe

HBc (IgM)

52
Q

Chronic HBV markers

A

HBsAg

HBeAg (High infectivity)
Anti-HBeAg (low infectivity)

Anti HBc (IgG)

53
Q

Recovery from HBV markers

A

Anti HBs

Anti HBe

Anti HBc (IgG)

54
Q

Immunized from HBV markers

A

And HBs

55
Q

env HIV gene

A

Codes for:

gp120: attachment to CD4+ T cells (binds CCR5 early, CXCR4 late)
gp41: fusion and entry into T cells

56
Q

gag (p24) HIV gene

A

Codes for:

capsid protein

57
Q

pol HIV gene

A

Codes for:

Reverse transcriptase
Aspartate protease
Integrase

58
Q

CCR5 mutation and HIV

A

Homozygous=immunity

Heterozygous=slower course

59
Q

HIV diagnostic tests

A

Initial w/ ELISA (sensitive)

+ ELISA followed up w/ Western Blot (Specific)

PCR for viral load

AIDS diagnosis:
< 1.5

ZMicrobiology (12 decks)

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