Virology Flashcards
The interstitial space between the nucleocapsid and the envelope
Tegument
All Viruses are haploid except
Retroviruses
One virus produces a protein that can be used by another virus
Complementation
Two different viruses infect the same cell
Phenotypic mixing
Gold standard in viral diagnosis
Presence of viral DNA or RNA
First vaccine known to prevent human cancer
HBV
All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except
Parvovirus
All DNA viruses have linear DNA
Papilloma
Polyoma
Hepadna
All DNA viruses are icosahedral except
Poxvirus (complex)
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except
Poxvirus (cytoplasm)
Naked DNA viruses
(HU-P-AD)
Parvovirus
Adenovirus
Human Papillomavirus
Etiology of Erythema Infectiosum
May also cause aplastic crisis, Hydrops fetalis, pancytopenia in chronic infection
Parvovirus B19
Only virus with fiber/penton
Known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis
Histopathology: Cowdry type B inclusions
Adenovirus
Infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles/koilocytes
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS
Affects oligodendrocytes (deficits in speech, coordination and memory)
JC Polyoma Virus
Causes hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with kidney and bone marrow transplants
BK Polyoma Virus
Multinucleated giant cells seen on Tzank Smear
Large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry type A)
Herpes Simplex Virus
All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from plasma membrane except
Herpes Virus (nuclear membrane)
Site of latency of HSV1
Trigeminal ganglia
Site of latency of HSV 2
Lumbosacral ganglia
Site of latency of VZV
Dorsal root ganglia
Dewdrop on a rose petal appearance/vesicular centrifugal rash
Varicella
Painful vesicles along dermatomal distribution
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Varicella Zoster
Cultured in shell tubes
Heterophil-negative mononucleosis
HP: giant cells with owl’s eye nuclear inclusions
CMV
Most common infectious cause of congenital abnormalities
Congenital CMV
Most common cause of blindness in HIB
CMV retinitis
Drug of choice for CMV
Ganciclovir
Infects mainly lymphoid cells, primarily B lymphocytes
Heterophil-positive mononucleosis / Kissing Disease
EBV
EBV infectious mononucleosis most commonly occurs in
Young adults
Oral hairy leukoplakia among immunocompromised patients caused by infection of oral squamous epithelial cells with?
EBV
Magnancies associated with EBV
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Hairy leukoplakia
B-cell lymphoma
Malignancy of the vascular endothelial cells
Kaposi Sarcoma
Largest viruses
Only disease eradicated from the face of the Earth
Guarnieri bodies / intracytoplasmic eosinophilic bodies
Poxvirus
HP: Henderson-Peterson bodies
Pinkish, papular lesion with umbilicated center
Tx: Cifodovir
Molluscum Contagiosum
Only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as the template
HBV
Most specific marker for diagnosis of ACUTE HBV infection
Persists during the window period
IgM anti-HBcAg
All RNA viruses have single-stranded RNA
Reovirus
Rotavirus
All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except
Influenza
Retrovirus
Replicates in motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord causing paralysis
Poliovirus
Virus known to cause Herpangina, Hand-Footh-Mouth Disease, Hemorrhagic conjuntivitis
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie Virus
known to cause common colds / runny nose
Rhinovirus
Also known as Enterovirus 72
Hepatitis A Virus
Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by fever and abdominal cramping
Norwalk Virus / Norovirus
Most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
Most common cause of respiratory tract infections
Influenza virus
Major antigens of influenza virus
Hemagluttinin
Neuraminidase
Sudden change based on the reassortment of segments of genome RNA producing new strains
Causes pandemics
Antigenic Shifts
Slow and progressive changes based on mutations in the genome RNA
Causes epidemics
Antigenic Drifts
Drug of choice for influenza
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Infects a host cell inducing cell membranes of adjacent cells to fuse into large multinucleated giant cells or syncitia
Paramyxovirus
Cardinal manifestation of Measles
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Causes tender swelling of the parotid glands
Mumps Virus
Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
Tx: Ribavirin
Respiratory Syncitial Virus
Causative agent of Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Parainfluenza
Bullet shaped enveloped virus; Transmitted via animal bite
Multiplies locally at the bite site, infecting sensory neurons and moves by axonal transport to CNS
HP: Negri Bodies
Rabies Virus
Enveloped RNA virus (Negative Sense)
Paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza, RSV, Mumps, Measles)
Rhabdoviridae (Rabies Virus)
Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza)
Known to cause atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS
Chest x-ray: non-cavitary “groud-glass” infiltrates
Coronavirus
Gold standard in diagnosis of Dengue
Dengue PCR
Most prevalent blood-borne pathogen
Main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hepatitis C Virus
Known to cause german measles
Transmitted via respiratory droplet, transplacental
Rubella virus
PDA, Congenital cataract, sensorineural deafness, mental retardation, blueberry muffin baby
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Only RNA virus with an the enzyme, reverse transcriptase
Retrovirus
Definitive diagnosis of HIV
Western blot analysis
CD4 <500
M. Tuberculosis
HSV
C. Albicans
HHV8
CD4 <200
P. Jirovecci T. Gondii C. Neoformans C. Immitis C. Parvum
CD4 <50
M. Avium
H. Capsulatum
CMV
Most common cause of epidemic
Encephalitis
Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes
Japanese B Virus