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Microbiology And Parasitology PLE > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Psuedopod-forming nonflagellated protozoa: brownian movement

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: mature cyst

Diagnostic Stage: wet stool - trophozoite; solid stool - cysts

DOC: Diloxanide Furoate

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3
Q

Dysentery without fever

Flask-shaped colon ulcers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

Flagellate that lives in the small intestine

Falling leaf motility

A

Gardia Lamblia

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5
Q

Giardia Lamblia
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: cysts
Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites, cysts
DOC: metronidazole

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6
Q

Acute: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, excessive flatus (rotten egg)
Chronic: constipation, weight loss and steatorrhea

A

Giardia Lamblia

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7
Q

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa
Undergoes schizogony and gametogony

Autoinfection in immunicompromised patients

Self-limited nonbloody diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum

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8
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: thick-walled oocysts
Diagnostic Stage: thick-walled oocysts
DOC: Nitazoxamide - immunocompetent; HAART - immunocompromised

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9
Q

Urogenital protozoan
Exists only as a trophozoite

Pear-shaped flagellated trophozoites

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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10
Q

Trichomonas Vaginalis
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: trophozoites
Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites
DOC: metronidazole

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11
Q

Watery-foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge accompanied with itching and burning

Strawberry Cervix

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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12
Q

Blood and tissue protozoa
Asexual life cycle: schizogony and gametogony
Sexual life cycle: sporogony

A

Plasmodium

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13
Q

Plasmodium
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:

A

Infective stage: sporozoites

Diagnostic Stage: trophozoites

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14
Q

Malignant tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Banana-shaped gametocytes
Causes cerebral malaria

A

P. Falciparum

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15
Q 
Benign tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Large round gametocytes
Rbc preference: young RBCs
With relapse
A

P. Vivax

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16
Q 
Benign tertian
Asexual cycle of 48hours
Small round gametocytes
Rbc preference: young RBCs
With relapse
A

P. Ovale

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17
Q 
Benign quartsn
Asexual cycle of 72hours
Compact gametocytes
Rbc preference: old RBCs
With recrudescence
A

P. Malariae

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18
Q

Recurrence of symptoms after a temporary abatement

P. Falciparum and P. Malariae

A

Recrudescence

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19
Q

Return of a disease after its apparent cessation due to reactivation of hypnozoites

P. Ovale and P. Vivax

A

Relapse

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20
Q

Used to screen for the presence of organisms in Malaria

A

Thick Smear

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21
Q

Used for species identification in Malaria

A

Thin smear

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22
Q

Punctate granulations present in RBCs invaded by P. Ovale and P. Vivax

A

Schuffner Dots

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23
Q

Coarse granulation present in RBCs invaded by P. Falciparum

A

Maurer Dots

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24
Q

Fine dots present in RBCs invaded by P. malariae

A

Ziemann Dots

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25
Q

DOC for P. vivax and P. Ovale

A

Chloroquine plus Primaquine

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26
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii
Definitive host: cats

Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: fecal oocyst
Diagnostic Stage: trophozoite (bradyzoite)
DOC: sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine

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27
Q

Blood and tissue protozoan

Transmitted by reduviid bug

Cardiac muscle is the most frequently and severely affected tissue

A

Trypanosoma Cruzii

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28
Q

Trypanosomia Cruzi
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:

A

Infective stage: metacyclic trypomastigotes
Diagnostic Stage: trypomastigotes in blood
DOC: nifurtimox

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29
Q

Blood and tissue protozoan

Remarkable antigenic variation
Transmitted by: Tsetse fly

A

Trypanosoma Brucei

30
Q

Trypanosoma Brucei
Infective stage:
Diagnostic stage:

A

Infective stage: metacyclic trypomastigotes

Diagnostic Stage: trypomastigotes in blood

31
Q

Primary amebic meningiencephalitis

Acquired while swimming in contaminated pools

A

Naegleria fowleri

32
Q

Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease

Associated with pigs
Round based, wide necked intestinal ulcers

A

Balantidium coli

33
Q

Transmitted by Ixodes tick

Intraerythrocytic ring shaped trophozoites in tetrads in the form of Maltese cross

A

Babesia Microti

34
Q

Transmitted by sandfly/Phlebotomus

Infective promastigotes

A

Leishmania

35
Q

Most common and largest intestinal nematode

Giant roundworm
Soil-transmitted helminth

Dx: kato-katz technique, direct fecal smear

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

36
Q 
Ascaris lumbricoides
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: ingestion of eggs
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: albendezole

37
Q

Principal site of tissue reaction of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Lungs (inflammation with an eosinophilic exudate)

38
Q

Blood sucking nematode
Soil-transmitted

Causes microcytic anemia and hypoalbuminemia

Ground itch at site of entry

A

Necator Americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

39
Q 
Necator americanus and Ancylostoma
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: larvae penetrate skin
Infective stage: filariform larvae
Diagnostic Stage: eggs in feces
DOC: albendazole

40
Q

Whipworm
Soil-transmitted helminth

Kato-katz: barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

Diarrhea may lead to rectal prolapse

A

Trichiuris trichiura

41
Q 
Trichiuris trichiura
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: ingestion of eggs
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: mebendazole

42
Q

Most common Soil transmitted helminth in developed countries
Pinworm; seatworm
Perianal pruritus

Life cycle is confined to humans

Graham scotch tape technique: D shaped eggs

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

43
Q 
Enterobius Vermicularis
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: ingestion or inhalation of eggs
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: Pyrantel Pamoate

44
Q

Facultative parasite; thread worm
Soil-transmitted helminth

Harada-Mori Culture

Penetrates intestinal wall directly without leaving host and migrates to the lungs

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

45
Q 
Strongyloides stercoralis
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: larvae penetrate skin
Infective stage: filariform larvae
Diagnostic Stage: rhabtidiform larvae
DOC: ivermectin

46
Q

Onky nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Pudoc worm

Kato-katz: peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria Philippinensis

47
Q 
Capillaria Philippinensis
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked fish
Infective stage: infective larvae
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: Albendazole

48
Q

Most debilitating nematode infection
Blood and tissue nematode

Dx: Thick blood smear done at night between 8pm and 4pm

A

Wuchereria and Brugia

49
Q 
Smoothly curved
Absent terminal nuclei
preference: scrotal lymphatics
Hydrocele
More severe
A

Wuchereria Bancrofti

50
Q 
Kinky
With terminal nuclei
Preference: limb lymphatics
Elephantiasis
Less severe
A

Brugia Malayi

51
Q 
Wuchereria and Brugia
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: mosquito bite
Infective stage: 3rd stage larvae
Diagnostic Stage: microfilariae
DOC: diethylcarbamazine

52
Q

Tissue nematode
Intermediate host: pigs

Dx: muscle biopsy - larvae within striated muscle

A

Trichinella Spiralis

53
Q 
Trichinella Spiralis
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked pork
Infective stage: encysted larvae
Diagnostic Stage: encysted larvae
DOC: thiabendazole

54
Q

Known for causing Mazotti reaction, river blindness

Transmitted by female blackfly

DOC: Ivermectin

A

Onchocerca Volvulus

55
Q

Oriental blood fluke
Reside in the mesenteric and portal veins
Intermediate host: snail (Onchomelania quadrasi)

Circumoval precipitin test: Ovoid egg with small hook

A

Schistosoma Japonicum

56
Q 
Schistosoma Japonicum
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: cercariae penetrate skin
Infective stage: cercariae
Diagnostic Stage: eggs in feces
DOC: praziquantel

57
Q

Known for causing katayama fever, swimmer’s itch

Areas of endemicity: Sorsogon, Samar, Leyte, Oriental Mindoro, Bohol, all of mindanao except Misamis Oriental

A

Schistosoma Japonicum

58
Q

Lungh fluke; Hermaphrodite
Intermediate host: snail (antemelania asperata); mountain crab (sundathelphusa philippina)

Dx: 3% NaOH - ovoid, thinner opercular end, thickened abopercular end

A

Paragonimus Westermani

59
Q

Chronic cough with bloody sputum
Cxr: ring shadow opacity
Closely resembles tuberculosis

Develops fibrous wall that provokes a granulomatous reaction

A

Pragonimus Westermani

60
Q 
Paragonimus Westermani
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked crab meat
Infective stage: metacercariae
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: praziquantel

61
Q

Asian liver flukes; hermaphrodite
Intermediate hosts: snail (prafossarulus), fish (cyprinidae)

Dx: potassium permanganate stain - ovoid with melon like ridges and abopercular protuberance

A

Clonorchis sinensis

62
Q

Can cause hyperplasia and fibrosis of the biliary tract

Known to cause cholangiocarcinoma, neurocirculatory dystonia

A

Clonorchis Sinensis

63
Q 
Clonorchis Sinensis
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked crab meat
Infective stage: metacercariae
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: praziquantel

64
Q

Intestinal cestodes are differentiated based in scolex and gravid proglottids

A

Taenia Solium: 5-10 Gravid Proglottids

Taenia Saginata: 15-25 Gravid Proglottids

65
Q 
Taenia
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked meat
Infective stage: cysticerci
Diagnostic Stage: gravid proglottids
DOC: praziquantel

66
Q

Known to cause neurocysticercosis, worms in vitreous humor

A

Taenia solium

67
Q

Fish tapeworm; broad tapeworm
Has two elongated sucking grooves for attachment
Have operculated eggs

Intermediate host: fish and copepods

Causes megaloblastic anemia

A

Diphylobothrium Latum

68
Q 
Diphyllobothrium Latum
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
DOC:
A

Transmission: undercooked fish
Infective stage: plerocoid larvae
Diagnostic Stage: unembryonated egg
DOC: praziquantel

69
Q

One of the smallest tapeworm
Composed of scolex and only three proglottids
Intermediate host: sheep/man
Definitive host: dog

If cyst ruptures, may cause life threatening anaphylaxis

A

Echinococcus Granulosus

70
Q 
Echinococcus Granulosus
Transmission:
Infective stage:
Diagnostic Stage:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: ingestion of eggs
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Diagnostic Stage: hydatid cysts
Treatment:surgical resection, albendazole

Microbiology And Parasitology PLE (2 decks)

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