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Microbiology and Parasitology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a matured virus called?

A

Virion

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2
Q

A virus varies from …………… to …………. in size

A

20 nm to 300 nm

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3
Q

The genome of a virus can exist in the following forms

A

Segmented
Circular
Linear
Double stranded
Single stranded

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4
Q

What is the subunit of a capsid

A

Capsomere

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5
Q

Most human helical virus are …………
While hecosahedral are either ………….. or ………

A

Enveloped
Either enveloped or non enveloped

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6
Q

Examples of ds DNA viruses

A

Adenovirus
Pox virus
Papilloma virus
Herpes virus

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7
Q

Rhino virus belongs to …………….

A

+sense RNA viruses and it is the major cause for common cold

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8
Q

List the functions of capsids

A

Vehicle of transmission from one host to the other
Binding site for virus
Protection
Structural symmetry
Antigenicity
It facilitates assembly and packaging of viral genetic information

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9
Q

The four families that gave a subgroup are

A

Herpesviridae
Poxviridae
Parvoviridae
Paramyxoviridae

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10
Q

The subdivision in a family are called

A

Genera

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11
Q

List the steps involved in the pathogenesis of virus

A
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12
Q

What is viral clearance and shedding

A

Viral clearance is the persistence of viral infection in a host
Vital shedding is the exit of a virus from the host where it’s replicating, into the environment in order to affect other host

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13
Q

HSV and papilloma virus are transmitted in the urogenital area through local lesions while othe viruses such as ……….. ………….. …….. do not cause local lesion

A

HIV 1 and 2
HTLV 1 A and 2
Hepatitis B and C

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14
Q

Disease that can be caused by entry of virus through the eye( Conjunctiva, cornea)

A

Conjunctivitis ( adenovirus, arenavirus)
Keratitis( herpes simplex)

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15
Q

The protein molecules that a virus bind to on the cell surface can be ……..
………..
……….. depending on their role

A

Receptor
Co receptor
Attachment factors
Entry factors

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16
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis

A

This is a process by which cell receptors bound to their ligands are enclosed into clarithin coated vesicles or caveolae ( endosomes)

17
Q

The commonly used mechanism by virus for penetration is

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

18
Q

Fusion is the penetration mechanism commonly used by ………..

A

Enveloped virus

19
Q

The mechanism commonly used by virus with and without envelope are …………. and ……………… respectively

A

Apoptosis
Budding ( this is the most common process by which a virus gets its envelope)

20
Q

Non enveloped virus mature in the cell within …………… and ……………

A

Cytoplasmic ( picornaviruses)
Nucleus( adenovirus)

21
Q

Where do the enveloped virus mature

A

At the cell membrane at the point of exit

22
Q

Receptor molecules for viruses are generally

A

Glycoprotein

23
Q

Example of virus released as free nucleic acid is

A

Picornaviruses

24
Q

Viruses released as nucleocapsid are

A

Reovirus

25
Q

What are subclinical infections

A

They are infections that do not show clinical symptoms of the disease in the host.
Common in airways and epidemiological important as a common source of transmission

26
Q

What are clinical infections

A

Infections that show clinical signs and symptoms
Example is the ARDS which has a short incubation period, short lived and usually eliminated by the immune system but can become severe

27
Q

What fraction of respiratory tract infection is caused by viruses?

A

2/3 Rd to 3/4 th of ARTs infections are caused by viruses

28
Q

What percentage of acute pharyngitis is caused by rhinovirus

A

50-80%

29
Q

The bacteria that causes acute pharyngitis include

A

Cornybacterium diphtheria
Group A C and G streptococci
Neisseria gonorrhoea

30
Q

The causes of herpangina include

A

Coxsackie virus A and B type 1-5
Human enteric echoviruses

31
Q

Aspirin is avoided in the treatment of acute pharyngitis due to …….

A

Complications leading to REYE’S SYNDROME

32
Q

The markers of reye’s syndrome include

A

Acute encephalopathy
Hepatic steatosis
Elevated serum transaminase level

33
Q

The three clinical features of croup include

A

Barking cough
Stridor
Hoarseness of voice

34
Q

The steeple is a classical sign indicative of ………. respiratory tract infection

A

STEEPLE sign in chest x ray

35
Q

Management of CROUP

A

Mild: humidified air hydration and comfort measures

Moderate - severe : corticosteroids e.g oral dexamethasone or budesonide to reduce inflammation
Nebulized epinephrine for severe cases with stridor

Hospitalizations: failure to respond to initial treatment or severe respiratory distress

Microbiology and Parasitology (4 decks)

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