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Microbiology and Parasitology > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The classification of bacteria according to shape include

A

Cocci- circular
Bacilli- rod
Spirochetes- spiral
Pleomorphic- variable shape

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2
Q

Describe the cell wall of the bacteria

A

It is the outermost part of the bacteria
It consists of peptidoglycan
It gives the cell it’s shape.
Some cells have other things external to it like
Pili
Flagella
Capsule

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3
Q

Classify bacteria named on flagella

A

Monotrygous
Lophotrigous multiple on a single pole
Amphitrigous 2 flagella on opposite
poles
Peritrigous multiple flagella all around

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4
Q

Staining is carried out by ………… solvent

A

Crystal Violet or iodine solution

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5
Q

Counter staining is carried out using

A

Neutral red
Safranin

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6
Q

Staphlococci that are animal associated include

A

S. hyicus
S. intermediate
S. schleiferi
S. delphini

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7
Q

Human related staphylococci include

A

S. aureus
saprophyticus
epidermidis
haemolyticus

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8
Q

Human related staphylococci include

A

S. aureus
saprophyticus
epidermidis
haemolyticus

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9
Q

All staphylococci that are human related are catalase positive T/F

A

True

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10
Q

Catalase results in conversion of ………. to …………

A

H202 to H20

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11
Q

Coagulation results in conversion of …………. to …………

A

Fibrinogen to fibrin

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12
Q

The s.aureus virulence factors include:

A
  1. Production of enzymes
  2. Production of toxins
  3. Structural elements
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13
Q

What are the structural virulence elements of s.aureus and their roles

A

Bound coagulase/clumping factors
Extracellular polysaccharide
Protein A

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14
Q

The virulence enzes produced by s.aureus and their roles include

A

●Coagulase - triggers clotting
●Staphylokinase - dissolves fibrin thread allowing bacteria to free itself from the clot
●Hyaluronidase - breaks down hyaluronidic acid allowing spread of bacteria
●lipases breaks down lipids allowing bacteria on skin and cutaneous oil glands
● Beta lactamase breaks down beta lactam antibiotics e.g penicillin allowing bacteria to survive in the presence of the antibodies

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15
Q

The virulence enzes produced by s.aureus and their roles include

A

●Coagulase - triggers clotting
●Staphylokinase - dissolves fibrin thread allowing bacteria to free itself from the clot
●Hyaluronidase - breaks down hyaluronidic acid allowing spread of bacteria
●lipases breaks down lipids allowing bacteria on skin and cutaneous oil glands
● Beta lactamase breaks down beta lactam antibiotics e.g penicillin allowing bacteria to survive in the presence of the antibodies

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16
Q

Classify staphylococcal diseases

A

Invasive vs non invasive
Deep vs system
Superficial vs deep

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17
Q

The alternating polymeric chains in the bacteria cell wall consist of ………

A

Monosaccharide subunits
N actetylglucosamins NAG
N acteylm muraminic acid NAM

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18
Q

What is the major antigen determinant of the gram positive bacteria ?

A

Teichnoic acid

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19
Q

The bacteria pleomorphic and has no rigid cell wall is………

A

Hemophilus influenza

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20
Q

A bacteria is …… to …….. in size

A

1-5 um

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21
Q

A bacteria is …… to …….. in size

A

1-5 um

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22
Q

The relationship in size between the bacteria virus and eukaryotic cell is

A

100× larger than a virus
10 × smaller than an eukaryotic cell

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23
Q

The three morphological distinctions of bacteria is

A

Size
Shape
Staining properties

24
Q

The implication of gram staining is

A

Therapeutic uses
Gram -ve and Gram +ve susceptibility to antibiotics

25
Q

The bacteria envelope refers to…….

A

All the layers enclosing the bacteria

26
Q

The linear polymer of alternating monosaccharide in the peptidoglycan cell wall are linked by …………

A

Peptide at the NAM

27
Q

The presence of D amino acids render the bacteria cell wall resistance to …….

A

Host peptidase

28
Q

The presence of D amino acids render the bacteria cell wall resistance to …….

A

Host peptidase

29
Q

The primary role of bacteria cell wall is ……

A

To prevent the cell from exploding in hypertonic solutions due to its higher internal osmotic pressure

30
Q

Penicillin works by destroying bacteria cell wall and also activates ………… enzymes

A

Endogenous lyrics enzyme to contribute to the distruption

31
Q

Penicillin works by destroying bacteria cell wall and also activates ………… enzymes

A

Endogenous lyrics enzyme to contribute to the distruption

32
Q

Channels are………..
Carriers are ………….

A

Porins
Permeases

33
Q

The teichoic acid is a polymer of substituted units linked by ………

A

Phosphodiester bond

34
Q

In a teichoic acid variant a ribitol Is substituted for

A

Glycerol

35
Q

All gram positive bacteria have teichoic acid ……….. linked to glycolipid

A

Covalently

36
Q

What is the major cell surface antigen of gram positive bacteria

A

Teichoic acid

37
Q

The O polysaccharide
The A lipid of a gram -ve are ……….. and ……….. respectively

A

Antigenic region
Toxic region endotoxins

38
Q

The external capsule is usually a polysaccharide except in ……… which it is a polysaccharide-D-glutamic

A

Bacillus anthracis

39
Q

The capsule of the bacteria contributes to its virulence or pathogenicity

A

By allowing for adhesion
Protection from antibodies and phagocytes

40
Q

A sticky capsule is ………..

A

A glycocalyx

41
Q

The flagella is composed of protein

A

Flagellin

42
Q

The flagella is attached to the cell wall or cell membrane by ……….

A

A basal body

43
Q

The flagella are highly antigenic

A

Thy do not form compact colonies on agar surface, instead swan over the surface of the agar

44
Q

What are enterobacteriacea

A

They are non spore forming, gram-ve facultative anaerobes rods or bacilli that are present in bowel or gut of vertebrates and man thus they are intestinal flora

45
Q

The enteriobacteriacea are divided into

A

Lactose fermenter
Non lactose fermenters

46
Q

Examples of lactose fermenter are

A

Escherichia colli
Klebsiella spp
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia

47
Q

The non lactose fermenter are

A

Salmonella spp
Shigella spp
Yersinia spp

48
Q

List the properties of enterobacteriacea

A

Oxidase -ve
Catalase +ve
Non spore forming
Gram -ve
Facultative anarobes
Part of the intestinal floral

49
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

This is a chemical or physical process that results to removal of all microbial life including spores

50
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

This is a chemical or physical process that results to removal of all microbial life including spores

51
Q

Differentiate between disinfectant and antiseptic

A

Inanimate vs non living

52
Q

What is pasteurisation

A

This is the process of reducing viable organisms to the point where they are unlikely to cause disease

53
Q

How is an autoclave monitored?

A

Physical : Thermocouple to measure accurately the temperature

Chemical : A chemical that changes colour at the right temperature and at right exposure

Autoclave tape
Browne’s tube

Biological : A spore forming organism is added and then cultured later to see if it has been killed

54
Q

All streptococcus are capsulated except

A

Viridians streptococci groups

55
Q

All streptococcus are non spore forming except

A

Peptostreptococcus.

Microbiology and Parasitology (4 decks)

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