Virology Flashcards
1
Q
What are some examples of common viruses ?
A
- ebola
-HIV - rabies
- SARS
- influenza
2
Q
Describe Viruses
A
- not cells, no organelles
- parasites
- small genomes
- inert outside of host
3
Q
What are some examples of virus transmission?
A
- respiratory route
- faecal-oral route
- sexual
- breach in the skin
- vector-borne
4
Q
How do viruses replicate ?
A
- attachment to host cell
- entry into host
- transcription of viral genome
- translation of viral mRNA into protein
- genome replication
- assembly of virus particles
- released from host cell
5
Q
How do viruses attach ?
A
- binding by hydrogen bonds, ionic attractions and van Der Waals forces
6
Q
Where does attachment occur in viruses ?
A
between virus structures, such as spikes, knobs or glycoproteins and cell surface receptors
7
Q
What occurs during viral translation ?
A
- generates proteins for ; viral assembly (capsid proteins, spikes & scaffolding proteins)
-packaging within virion (enzymes)
8
Q
How do viruses assemble ?
A
- simple virions may self-assemble
- larger virions assembled using scaffolding proteins
9
Q
How do viruses exit cells?
A
- enveloped virions –> virus capsid directed to modified membrane and buds off cell surface
- cell is left intact
- some leave via lysis of host cell
10
Q
What is the 1st category of diagnostic test ?
A
- Direct detection
11
Q
What are some examples of direct detection testing ?
A
- electron microscopy
- antigen protection
- direct detection of viral genomes (PCR)
12
Q
What is the 2nd category of diagnostic test ?
A
indirect detection
- example = cell culture - enumeration
13
Q
What is the 3rd category of diagnostic test ?
A
Serology
14
Q
Describe serology
A
- detection of antibody (using antigens)
- IgM in primary infection
- I gG in past or chronic infection
15
Q
What are some uses of viruses ?
A
- phage typing of bacteria
- sources of enzymes
-pest control - antibacterial
- gene therapy
