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Virology > Viro Final Tolka > Flashcards

Viro Final Tolka Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is false regarding Rhabdoviridae?

a. Visions are very stable in the environment
b. Can withstand alkaline pH
c. Can withstand UV radiation from the sun
d. Detergent based disinfectants and iodine solutions are effective disinfectants against Rhabdoviridae

A

c. Can withstand UV radiation from the sun

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2
Q

True or False?

Rhabdoviridae replicates in the nucleus of the host cell?

A

False-cytoplasm

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3
Q

Which of the following genus’ of Rhabdoviridae is responsible for rabies virus?

a. Lyssavirus
b. Vesiculovirus
c. Ephemerovirus
d. Novirhabdovirus

A

a. Lyssavirus

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4
Q

Which of the following is not a reservoir for rabies virus in north america?

a. Skunks
b. Raccoons
c. Foxes
d. White tailed deer
e. Wolves

A

d. White tailed deer

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5
Q

In central and south america, rabies virus is transmitted to cattle by?

a. Bobcat
b. Vampire bats
c. Prairie dog
d. Grey wolf

A

b. Vampire bats

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6
Q

To which family does the rabies virus belong to?

a. Noroviridae
b. Retroviridae
c. Vesiculoviridae
d. Rhabdoviridae

A

d. Rhabdoviridae

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7
Q

What is the current status of rabies or rabies-like viruses risk level in North America?

a. No risk
b. Low risk
c. Medium risk
d. High risk

A

b. Low risk

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8
Q

The Ephemeralvirus genus has an important member that causes disease in?

a. Pigeons
b. Cattle
c. Pigs
d. Dogs

A

b. Cattle

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9
Q

Which of the following descriptions of Rhabdoviridae virion properties is accurate?

a. Enveloped, cone shaped, double stranded, circular, negative sense RNA
b. Enveloped, cone shaped, single stranded,linear, positive sense RNA
c. Enveloped, cone shaped, double stranded, linear, negative sense RNA
d. Enveloped, cone shaped, double stranded, linear, negative sense RNA

A

d. Enveloped, cone shaped, double stranded, linear, negative sense RNA

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10
Q

If you wanted to design a neutralizing antibody-inducing vaccine against rabies virus to prevent its attachment and internalization, which protein of the virus would you target?

a. N protein
b. C protein
c. G protein
d. P protein

A

c. G protein

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11
Q

If you wanted to design a neutralizing antibody-inducing vaccine against rabies virus to prevent its attachment and internalization, which protein of the virus would you target?

a. N protein
b. C protein
c. G protein
d. P protein

A

c. G protein

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12
Q

Which rhabdovirus protein facilitates budding from an infected cell?

a. M protein
b. C protein
c. G protein
d. P protein

A

a. M protein

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13
Q

Which of the following disinfectants would you use to eliminate the rhabdovirus from your examination table in the clinic?

a. Oxidizing agents
b. Detergent based disinfectants
c. Iodine based disinfectants
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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14
Q

Where in the cell do rhabdoviruses replicate?

a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Nuclear por
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus

A

c. Cytoplasm

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15
Q

True or False?

The G, N, P, M, and L mRNAs of rhabdoviruses are all translated by free cytoplasmic ribosomes?

A

False

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16
Q

A healthy looking dog is brought to you on grounds that it bit somebody an hour ago. The owner provides records of vaccination against rabies. Would you quarantine the dog for observation? If so how long?

a. The dog should be quarantined for at least two weeks
b. The dog should not be quarantined, but ask the owner to report for examination everyday for two weeks
c. The dog should be quarantined for at least 10 days
d. No quarantine is necessary because the dog has been vaccinated against rabies

A

c. The dog should be quarantined for at least 10 days

17
Q

Which of the following is a phase in clinical rabies?

a. Paralytic phase
b. Fury phase
c. Prodromal phase
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

18
Q

At what phase of clinical rabies would you observe photophobia and the resulting excessive salivation?

a. Paralytic phase
b. Fury phase
c. Prodromal phase
d. All of the above

A

a. Paralytic phase

19
Q

Fury in rabid dogs is associated with virus extensively replicating in the?

a. Muscles
b. Spinal cord
c. Salivary glands
d. Limbic system of the nervous system

A

d. Limbic system of the nervous system

20
Q

True or False?

If histopathology results reveal the presence of Negri bodies in the hypothalamus of an animal suspected of rabies, it is enough to confirm rabies virus infection?

A

True

21
Q

A small farmer has two horses, 6 cows and 15 pigs. He reports three sick animals (a cow, a horse and 5 pigs). You recognize oral vesicles in the cow and the horse, and coronary band vesicles in the pigs. From choices given below, what disease should come to your mind first before you consider other differentials?

a. Rinderpest
b. A small farmer has 2 horses, 6 cows and 15 pigs. He has vesicular disease of swine
c. Vesicular stomatitis
d. Foot and mouth disease

A

c. Vesicular stomatitis

22
Q

A horse is presented with vesicular lesions shown in the photomicrograph below. What is your initial clinical diagnosis and why?

a. Excluding thermal burns, it is vesicular stomatitis, because it is the only vesicular disease in horses
b. Vesicular exanthema of horses, because the equine coital exanthema virus causes such lesions
c. Foot and mouth disease, because horses are highly susceptible to FMDV
d. Swine vesicular disease, because horses can be infected with SVDV

A

a. Excluding thermal burns, it is vesicular stomatitis, because it is the only vesicular disease in horses

23
Q

How can you distinguish lesions caused by vesicular stomatitis virus in cattle from those caused by FMDV?

a. Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause lesions on the tongue in cattle
b. Lesions in both cases are indistinguishable
c. Lesions caused by FMDV are smaller compared to those caused by vesicular stomatitis virus
d. Lesions caused by FMDV are larger compared to those caused by vesicular stomatitis virus

A

b. Lesions in both cases are indistinguishable

24
Q

SVD is a vesicular disease that has not been reported in North America. What other vesicular diseases of cattle, swine or horses do you know?

a. Vesicular stomatitis
b. Foot and mouth disease
c. Vesicular exanthema of swine
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

25
Q

True or False?

The pig is the only natural host of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus.

A

True

26
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative sense viral RNA?

a. There is no difference because both encode viral genes
b. There is no difference because both types of RNA are translated in the cytoplasm
c. Viral proteins can be translated directly only from positive sense RNA
d. No answer is correct

A

c. Viral proteins can be translated directly only from positive sense RNA

27
Q

True or False?

Sodium carbonate is a disinfectant of choice during FMDV outbreaks

A

True

28
Q

The Picornaviridae genome is organized in one open reading frame (ORF). What does this imply for protein translation?

a. Protein translation will ensue as a single polypeptide
b. Protein expression will be difficult
c. Protein expression will be delayed
d. No answer is correct

A

a. Protein translation will ensue as a single polypeptide

29
Q

True or False?

Swine vesicular disease virus is sensitive to ambient temperature and to sodium carbonate

A

True

30
Q

You have just discovered several pigs with vesicular lesions on coronary bands and snout. You are 100% sure this is one of the vesicular diseases of swine. What is your first line of action?

a. Aspirate vesicular fluid and send to the nearby diagnostic laboratory with request for a quick ELISA to confirm your suspicion
b. Inform the owner of the animals that you need to make one quick call on another farm and you should be back soon to take care of the situation
c. Inform the area veterinary authorities and wait for further instructions
d. Treat the lesions with potassium permanganate

A

c. Inform the area veterinary authorities and wait for further instructions

31
Q

Among the 7 serotypes of FMDV, SAT-1, SAT-2 and SAT-3 are enzootic in which part of the world?

a. South Asian Territories
b. South African Territories
c. South American Territories
d. South Australian Territories

A

b. South African Territories

32
Q

True or False?

There is cross protection between the 7 serotypes of FMDV, which makes it easy to vaccinate against FMD.

A

True

33
Q

Pigs are always referred to as amplifiers of FMDV. What does this mean?

a. Virion size of FMDV in pigs is twice that in cattle
b. Replication of FMDV in pigs is intensive, resulting in a high concentration of virus on the premises
c. Pigs have more vesicles than cattle
d. FMDV isolated from pigs is easily amplified by PCR

A

b. Replication of FMDV in pigs is intensive, resulting in a high concentration of virus on the premises

34
Q

Which of the following statements is a consequence of FMDV infection in livestock?

a. Economic losses to farmers and producers
b. Limitation of international trade in livestock and animal products
c. Loss in livestock production
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

35
Q

True or False?

The following are routes of FMDV transmission: aerosols, direct contact and indirect contact via fomites

A

True

36
Q

In FMD-free countries such the UK, how is FMD controlled when an outbreak occurs?

a. Quarantine, euthanization and disposal
b. Treatment of infected animals
c. Vaccination
d. None of the above

A

a. Quarantine, euthanization and disposal

37
Q

What is your best choice of clinical samples for FMDV or SVD testing?

a. Skin scrapings
b. Oral swabs
c. Nasal swabs
d. Blood, vesicular fluid, raptured vesicular swabs

A

d. Blood, vesicular fluid, raptured vesicular swabs

38
Q

Numerous assays have been developed to detect FMDV or SVDV in clinical samples. What assays would you choose to achieve rapid detection and confirmation of these viruses?

a. Western blot
b. Virus isolation in cell culture
c. RT-PCR, ELISA, virus isolation, in that order
d. Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs

A

c. RT-PCR, ELISA, virus isolation, in that order

39
Q

To which virus family and genus does FMDV belong?

a. Picornaviridae, enterovirus
b. Filoviridae, aphtovirus
c. Picornaviridae, aphtovirus
d. Paramyxoviridae, aphtovirus

A

c. Picornaviridae, aphtovirus

Virology (3 decks)

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