virals quiz Flashcards
A laboratory test recommended for a diagnosis of HIV infection is
Positive HIV ELISA
A multi-drug resistant TB is suspected if the patient is having resistances to
isoniazid and rifampin
The following drug could be used in case of HIV virologic failure
Enfuviritide
Diagnosis of TB could be confirmed using
Tuberculin skin testing (TST)
Risk factor for acquiring HIV infection is
Men who have sex with men
A possible cause of HIV virologic failure could be
Pharmacokinetic issues
HIV treatment response and disease progression could be monitored by
HIV RNA viral load and CD4
A pharmacologic option available for and induvial to protect him/her from acquiring HIV from his/her infected partner
tenofovir+emtricitabine
The choice and duration of anti-tuberculous therapy for extra-pulmonary TB is the same as for pulmonary TB, with the exception of central nervous system disease (12 months of therapy) and bone and joint disease ( 6 to 9 months of therapy).
true
Latent tuberculosis occurs when the tubercle bacilli are inhaled into the body and the patient is often asymptomatic with no radiographic evidence
true
Best recommendation for a 35-year-old man who had a recent possible exposure to hepatitis A virus since a week is to continue to observe foe symptoms
true
Rapid-identification tests of tuberculosis could be achieved using bacterial amplification tests utilizing PCR (Polygerase Cycling Reaction)
false
Prevention of opportunistic in patients with HIV is possible by avoiding exposure to the organisms that can potentially cause these conditions such as paying more attention to the food hygiene.
false
P.I. is a 35-year-old woman who presents to the clinic with a 2-week history of night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, and a persistent cough. A TB skin test is place, and a sputum sample is taken; then, P.I is sent home with a prescription for levofloxacin 750mg/day orally. Two days later, her skin reaction is measured at 20-mm induration, and her sputum sample is positive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which regimen is the best therapy for P.I.?
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2months, followed by Isoniazid and rifampin for 4 more months.
As part of a multidrug attack on a patients infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis .a physician plans to use an aminoglycosides antibiotics. Which of the following is most active against the tubercle bacillus and seems to be associated with the fewest problems with resistance?
Amikacin
F.G. is a 27-year-old man who is HIV positive but asymptomatic. His CD4 count is 550 cells/mm3, and his viral load is 5000 copies/ml. Which is the best treatment for F.G.?
Initiate emtricitabine/tenofovir only because this CD4 count is still
above 500 cells/mm3
SJ is a 42-year-old man who has annual TB skin test performed because he works at a long-term care facility. The skin test was positive forty-eight hours later. This is the first time he has reacted to this test. His chest radiograph is negative. Which one of the following is appropriate for MR SJ at this stage?
SJ should be started on isoniazid 300mg daily for 6 months.
For which of the following infection is prophylaxis available in the form a vaccine?
Hepatitis A & B
Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for using combination of medication for a patient diagnosed with AIDS?
The combination of medication is less expensive than hospitalization for HIV.
• Protease inhibitors counteract the side effects of the other medications.
• Multiple medication are needed to eradicate the HIV infection completely •
The combination prevents or delays the clientas complications from HIV
Hepatitis A & B
infection.
The combination prevents or delays the clientas complications from HIV
Hepatitis A & B
infection.
A 35-year-old man recently diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis started a treatment with the first line anti-TB drugs but 2 months later, susceptibility testing revealed a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The first line drugs were discontinued, and two other drugs were prescribed, which of the following pairs of drugs would be most appropriate for the patient at this time?
• Streptomycin and moxifloxacin Amikacin and vancomycin
• Ethionamide and azithromycin Imipemen and doxycycline
• Ceftriaxone and linezolid
streptomycin + moxifloxacin
The following vitamin should be given to prevent the side effect(s) that might arise form the use of isoniazid: Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Ascorbic acid
Nicotinic acids
pyridoxine
Which of the following drug combination is recommended for chronic hepatitis C infection?
Pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin
Treatment of latent TB infections in which isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are predominant could include: • Rifampin and pyrazinamide • Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide • Isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol • Isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide
Rifampin and pyrazinamide
The main mode of transmission of viral hepatitis D:
Sneezing Coughing
Drinking contaminated water
blood transfusion
blood transfusion