viral URT infections Flashcards by nancy Gillcrist

treat adenovirus

symptomatic

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rhinovirus structure

nonenveloped, icosahedral capsule +ssRNA genome small size temperature sensitive

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treatment for rhinovirus

symptomatic sanitation helps prevent spread

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respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

paramyovirus family

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summary = rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, EBV site of replication for each

cyto - rhino, rsv nucleus - adeno, ebv

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respigam vs palivizumab (synagis)

prevents RSV Synagis>x100>> respigam s- monoclonal ab (anti F reactive ab) r- polyclonal ab

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adenovirus structure

ds linear DNA genome icosahedral capsid, largest nonenveloped virus replicates in nucleus

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diagnosis for rhinovirus, rsv, adenovirus, ebv

rhino - symptoms rsv - antigen detection by ELISA/IFA, viral culture, PCR adeno - antigen detection by ELISA/IFA, viral culture, PCR ebv - heterophile Ab, atypical lymphocytes, Ab viz ELISA, PCR

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what causes 1/3 of all adult common colds?

rhinovirus

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what encodes its own dna dependent dna polymerase?`

ebv

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what causes infectious mononucleosis

ebv

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pathogenesis of RSV

entry as aerosol/fomite via nose/eye epithelia self limiting infection, 7-10 days causes runny nose, fever, rapid breathing, wheezing, coughing, lips turn blue

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primary receptor for ebv infection

CD21 (CR2)

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how is rhinovirus transmitted?

aerosol droplets and direct contact many cases coincide with sept to april school year

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rhinovorus causes these inflammatory responses:

nasal discharge and congestion sneezing, sore throat edema, erythema aches, fatigue, loss of appetite

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diagnose RSV

anitgens in nasal swab or aspirate use DFA or ELISA viral culture PCR

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immunity for adenovirus

by 10, most have antibodies against common serotypes cell mediated CD8 CTL response controls infections

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diagnosis adenovirus

antigen detected in aspirate/throat swab virus isolation serology - complement fixation test pcr

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EBV structure

enveloped large genome linear dsDNA icosahedral capsid encodes its own dna dependent dna polymerase replicates inside nucleus?

genes expressed in EBV latency

EBERs or EBNA1(type 1 burkitt lymphoma)

what location does rhinovirus prefer and why?

grows and replicates better in NOSE at 88-90 degrees than at 98 in the lungs temperature sensitive

adolesent infection leading to infectious mononucleosis that causes EBV

kissing disease

rhinovirus encodes its own_______?

rna polymerase

why do rsv infections repeat alot?

protective immunity is shortlived

epstein barr virus (ebv)

a herpes virus infects epithelial cells and lymphocytes lays latent

primary site for RSV replication?

nasopharyngeal epithelium

diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis

1) atypical lymphocytes (downey cells = cd8 ctl) 2) agglutination test for heterophile Ab 3) EBV antibody ELISA 4) PCR

clinical presentation for each: rhinovirus, rsv, adenovirus, ebv

rhino - cold like rsv - URT, croup, bronchiolitis adeno - pharyngitis, conjunctavitis, ARD, pneumonia ebv - infectious mono, exudative pharyngitis, cervial, lymphadenopathy

respiratory syncytial virus structure

enveloped, helical capsule -ssRNA genome two envelope proteins = F (fusion) and G(attachment) forms syncytium

transmission of adenovirus?

direct contact - fecal-oral, contaminated water, aerosol droplets epidemic in military facilites

atypical lymphocytes indicates

EBV

treatment for ebv

symptomatic self limiting and controlled by immune system

adenovirus location and replication

infects mucoepithelial cells and persissts in lymphoid tissues/kidneys encodes its own DNA plymerase to copy the DNA replicates in nucleus

respiratory syncytial virus encodes its own......?

rna dependent rna polymerase

rhinovirus replication

+ssRNA VP4 binds receptor after entry viral mRNA binds DIRECTLY to ribosomes to make polyprotein polyprotein is cleaved by viral proteases to make VP0, VP1, and VP3 proteins viral rna dependent rna polymerase makes -ssRNA to make new +ssRNA genome and proteins self assemble and cytolysis releases new viruses

what replicates in nucleus?

adenovirus and ebv

what receptor does rhinovirus use to invade respiratory epithelial cells?

ICAM - 1

symptoms of ebv/mononucleosis?

throat - sore, red (pharyngitis) tonsils - swollen, red, white patches lymph nodes - swollen

treatment for RSV

no vaccine available ribavirin has limited efficacy oxygen treatment for infants passive immunotherapy - respigam or synagis (palivizumab)

summary = rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, EBV genome, capsid, and envelope for each

rhino - +ssRNA, icosahedral, nonenveloped rsv - -ssRNA, helical, enveloped adeno - dsDNA, icosahedral, nonenveloped ebv - dsDNA, icosahedral, enveloped

what gives immunity to rhinovirus?

mucosal IgA type 1 interferons(control viral spread, but induce pathogenecity) currently no vaccines due to \>100 serotypes

two outcomes of adenovirus

lytic in mucoepithelial cells latent in adenoid cells

DNA virus?

adenovirus

adenovirus 3,7 ? adenovirus 4, 7?

pharyngoconjunctival fever - crowded places, pools, camps acute respiratory disease - military

how to diagnose rhinovirus

symptoms, virus culture, PCR nasal samples