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micro unit 4 > viral URT > Flashcards

viral URT Flashcards

1
Q

is RSV common?

A

yes almost every kid has it before age 2

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2
Q

what is the new primary cause of croup?

A

parainfluenza virus

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3
Q

how many viruses cause the common cold?

A

many. over ten

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4
Q

what are the most common causes of the common cold?

A

rhinovirus, coronavirus and influenza virus

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5
Q

rhinovirus common, occasional, and infrequent

A

common cold, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and asthma, pneumonia in children

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6
Q

coronavirus common, occasional, and infrequent

A

common cold, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and asthma, pneumonia and bronchiolitis

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7
Q

RSV common, occasional, and infrequent

A

pneumonia and bronchiolitis (children), common cold in adults, pneumonia in elderly and immunosuppressed

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8
Q

parainfluenza common, occasional, and infrequent

A

croup and lower respiratory tract infections (young children), pharyngitis and common cold, tracheobronchitis in adults, lower RTI in immunosuppressed

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9
Q

adenovirus common, occasional, and infrequent

A

common cold and pharyngitis, outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in military personnel, pneumonia in children/lower RTI and disseminated disease in the immunosuppressed.

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10
Q

influenza A common, occasional, and infrequent

A

influenza, pneumonia and mortality, pneumonia in healthy

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11
Q

influenza B common, occasional, and infrequent

A

influenza, rhinitis/pharyngitis, pneumonia

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12
Q

how do viruses reach the respiratory tract?

A

fomites or aerosol transmission

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13
Q

what are the first cells to be infected by a virus?

A

respiratory epithelial cells

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14
Q

what causes the symptoms of viral disease?

A

epithelial cells releasing cytokines

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15
Q

what are the typical symptoms of viral disease?

A

fever, aches, etc.

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16
Q

why can viruses have tropism to specific areas of the body?

A

because of the temperature differential between the upper and lower tracts within the respiratory system. for example the upper tract is approximately 33 degrees C, whereas the lower is 37 degrees C/

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17
Q

who gets more severe infections?

A

the younger and the older

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18
Q

what is acute infection? what viruses are typical for this?

A

acute is short-lived and confined to the respiratory mucosal surface. ex: picornavirus, coronavirus, paramyxovirus, orthomyxovirus

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19
Q

what is persistent infection? what viruses are typical?

A

replication on the respiratory mucosal surface. EBV, adenovirus, papilloma virus.

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20
Q

what is systemic replication and what viruses are typical

A

dissemination after primary replication within the respiratory tract. paramyxovirus, herpes viruses, rubella, picornavirus,

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21
Q

picornavirus characteristics

A

named for crown of spikes -receptors on the surface allow for infection. (-) ssRNA virus. this is a zoonoses

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22
Q

what does picornavirus cause?

A

most strains cause cold-like symptoms, but rare new strains responsible for MERS, SARS

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23
Q

myxovirus name?

A

this means it binds to mucin proteins on cells, usually RBCs.

24
Q

orthovirus name?

A

straight, right, proper. influenza is the one.

25
Q

paravirus name?

A

beside or resembling. measles resembles, but is not orthovirus

26
Q

orhtmyxovirus genus and types?

A

influenza genus, influenza virus type A, B, C

27
Q

orhtmyxovirus replicates where?

A

in the nucleus

28
Q

orhtmyxovirus genome?

A

segmented (-) ssRNA

29
Q

orhtmyxovirus structure>

A

enveloped

30
Q

paramyxovirus genus and types?

A

paramyxovirus. mumps, measles, RSV, parainfluenza viruses, canine distemper.

31
Q

paramyxovirus replicates where?

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

paramyxovirus genome

A

nonsegmented (-) ssRNA

33
Q

paramyxovirus structure

A

enveloped

34
Q

how does influenza cause disease?

A

aerosol inoculation > replication in the respiratory tract > desquamation of mucus-secreting epithelial cells > influenza syndrome.

35
Q

what contributes to influenza syndrome?

A

interferons, T-cell responses, and epithelial cytokines.

36
Q

what are the symptoms of influenza infections?

A

high fever, HA, tiredness (extreme), cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, diarrhea and vomiting.

37
Q

what antivirals treat the flu?

A

tamiflu and relenza.

38
Q

what types of flu strains do the antivirals work for?

A

influenza A and B

39
Q

what vaccines are available for flu?

A

fluzone, flumist.

40
Q

what is the most common cause of croup?

A

parainfluenza virus. (also RSV)

41
Q

when is the peak incidence of croup?

A

winter

42
Q

how does croup start

A

like a cold in infants and adults.

43
Q

what do infants develop?

A

a distinct barking cough

44
Q

how is croup commonly treated?

A

at home with steam and humidifiers

45
Q

what are the complications of croup?

A

pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome

46
Q

adenovirus characteristics?

A

icosohedral, naked. DNA virus.

47
Q

how many serotypes are there and how many infect humans?

A

there are 100 and 47 infect human.

48
Q

what tissues do adenovirus infections usually involve?

A

the respiratory tract, the eyes, and GI.

49
Q

what respiratory diseases are caused by adenovirus

A

febrile upper respiratory infection, pharyngeoconjunctival fever, acute disease, pertussis-like disease, pneumonia.

50
Q

how is adenovirus transmitted?

A

through aerosol, close contact, fecal-oral route, fingers and ophthalmological instruments. swimming pools!

51
Q

what cells do adenovirus infect?

A

the mucoepithelial cells of the respiratory tract, conjuctiva, cornea, GI

52
Q

does adenovirus infection persist?

A

YES. in lymphoid tissue, such as the ADENOids.

53
Q

what is essential for recovery from adenovirus?

A

antibody response.

54
Q

is there seasonal incidence for adenovirus?

A

no, it is ubiquitous

55
Q

who is at risk for contracting adenovirus?

A

children <14, day care centers, military camps, swimming clubs.

56
Q

is there an adenovirus vaccine?

A

yes. usually for military only.

micro unit 4 (6 decks)

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