Viral upper respiratory tract infections Flashcards
What are upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)?
URTIs involve the mucosa of the nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx.
What are the most common viruses causing URTIs?
The most common viruses are rhinoviruses (50-80%) and coronaviruses.
What other viruses can cause URTIs?
Other viruses include adenoviruses, influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and enteroviruses.
What is a common term used by the public to describe URTIs?
‘Cold’ is a non-specific term used by the general public to describe an illness with nasal discharge and sneezing.
What term do medical professionals use to describe symptoms of URTIs?
‘Coryzal symptoms’ is used by medical professionals to encompass a wider range of symptoms.
How often do adults experience URTIs on average?
Adults may be affected by URTIs 2-3 times per year on average.
How often do children experience URTIs on average?
Children may average up to 5-6 infections per year.
What are the most common symptoms of URTIs?
Common symptoms include nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sore throat, headache, cough, tiredness, and general malaise.
What are some additional symptoms of URTIs?
Other symptoms include facial pain, earache, hoarseness, and nausea.
What are some signs of URTIs?
Signs include erythema or injection of the back of the throat, nasal discharge, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and mild fever.
What assessments are performed for URTIs?
Assessment includes examination of throat, ears, cervical lymph nodes, respiratory examination, hydration status, and basic observations.
What is the NICE fever traffic light system used for?
It is used for assessing children under 5.
What is the FeverPAIN score?
The FeverPAIN score is used to assess the likelihood of Strep infection in adults with sore throat and guide antibiotic usage.
Are investigations generally needed for healthy adults with URTIs?
Investigations are generally not needed in healthy adults.
When might investigations be required for URTIs?
Investigations may be required in less straightforward cases, such as infants with fever or immunocompromised adults.
