Respiratory failure Flashcards
What organization published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2002?
The British Thoracic Society (BTS) published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2002.
What organization published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2008?
The Royal College of Physicians published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2008.
What are the key indications for non-invasive ventilation?
- COPD with respiratory acidosis (pH 7.25-7.35)
- Type II respiratory failure secondary to chest wall deformity, neuromuscular disease, or obstructive sleep apnoea
- Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema unresponsive to CPAP
- Weaning from tracheal intubation
What is the recommended Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) for COPD?
4-5 cm H2O
What is the recommended Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP) for COPD according to RCP?
10 cm H2O
BTS suggests 12-15 cm H2O.
What is the recommended back up rate for non-invasive ventilation?
15 breaths/min
What is the recommended back up inspiration:expiration ratio for non-invasive ventilation?
1:3
What organization published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2002?
The British Thoracic Society (BTS) published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2002.
What organization published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2008?
The Royal College of Physicians published guidelines on non-invasive ventilation in 2008.
What are the key indications for non-invasive ventilation?
- COPD with respiratory acidosis (pH 7.25-7.35)
- Type II respiratory failure secondary to chest wall deformity, neuromuscular disease, or obstructive sleep apnoea
- Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema unresponsive to CPAP
- Weaning from tracheal intubation
What is the recommended Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) for COPD?
4-5 cm H2O
What is the recommended Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP) for COPD according to RCP?
10 cm H2O
BTS suggests 12-15 cm H2O.
What is the recommended back up rate for non-invasive ventilation?
15 breaths/min
What is the recommended back up inspiration:expiration ratio for non-invasive ventilation?
1:3
What is respiratory failure?
Respiratory failure describes the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange.
What are the two main types of respiratory failure?
Type 1: ↓ pO2 with a normal or ↓ pCO2
Type 2: ↑ pCO2 with a normal or ↓ pO2
What is hypercapnia and its effect on pH?
Hypercapnia leads to ↓ pH, resulting in respiratory acidosis.
What are the causes of type 1 respiratory failure?
Causes include pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, asthma, pulmonary oedema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
What are the causes of type 2 respiratory failure?
Causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, decompensation in other respiratory conditions (e.g., life-threatening asthma, pulmonary oedema), neuromuscular disease, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and sedative drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines, opiate overdose).
