VIRAL SKIN INFECTIONS

Question 1

What is viral exanthem?

Answer 1

The medical term for a widespread rash caused by a viral infection
May also cause fever, fatigue and body aches

Question 2

Chicken pox rash looks like…

Answer 2

Fever initially
Itchy rash that starts on head/trunk before spreading.
Macular -> Papular -> Vesicular

Question 3

How is chickenpox spread?

Answer 3

Respiratory route
From someone with chickenpox or shingles

Question 4

Infectivity period of chickenpox?

Answer 4

4 days before the rash -> 5 days after the rash first appeared

Question 5

Measles presents as…

Answer 5

Prodromal phase - irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots
Then a rash that starts behind the ears before spreading to the whole body. Discrete maculopapular rash that becomes blotchy and confluent. Desquamation may occur after a week (spares palms and soles)

Question 6

Rubella presents as…

Answer 6

Pink maculopapulae rash that starts on the face and then spreads to the whole body. Usually faxed by 3-5 days
Suboccipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy

Question 7

Erythema infectious presentation?

Answer 7

‘Slapped-cheek’ rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces - wont involve palms and soles
Lethargy, fever and headache

Child begins to feel better as rash appears.

Question 8

How does roseola infantum present?

Answer 8

High fever lasting a few days later followed by…
Maculopapulae rash, Nagayama spots
Diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen
Febrile convulsions common

Question 9

What causes roseola infantum?

Answer 9

Human herpes virus 6

Question 10

What causes erythema infectiosum?

Answer 10

Parvovirus B19

Question 11

What causes rubella?

Answer 11

A viral infection caused by togavirus

Question 12

What causes measles?

Answer 12

An RNA paramyxovirus

Question 13

Shingles presentation?

Answer 13

Prodromal period- burning pain over affected dermatome for 2-3 days. Some experience fever, headache and lethargy
Erythematous macular rash over affected dermatome that quickly becomes vesicular

Question 14

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 14

The intestinal viruses of the picornaviridae family - most commonly coxsackie A19 and enterovirus 71

Question 15

Clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 15

Mild systemic upset - sore throat and fever
Oral ulcers
Later on… Vesicles on palms and soles of feet

Question 16

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 16

Molluscum contagiosum virus, a member of the poxviridae family

Question 17

How is molluscum contagiosum spread?

Answer 17

Direct close personal contact or indirectly via fomites e.g. shared towels

Question 18

How does molluscum contagiosum present?

Answer 18

Pinkish/pearly white papules with a central umbilication
Up to 5mm in diameter
Lesions appear in clusters on areas anywhere on the body expect palms and soles

Question 19

How is measles transmitted?

Answer 19

Aerosol
One of the most infectious known viruses

Question 20

How is rubella transmitted?

Answer 20

Aerosol

Question 21

How is erythema infectiosum spread?

Answer 21

Aerosol